COVID-19 and Parkinson’s disease: Defects in neurogenesis as the potential cause of olfactory system impairments and anosmia

Autor: Risna Kanjirassery Radhakrishnan, Harini Sri Rethinavel, Mahesh Kandasamy, Sowbarnika Ravichandran
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Olfactory system
CT
computerized tomography
MCL
mitral cell layer
EPL
external plexiform layer
Review
Olfaction Disorders
0302 clinical medicine
GBC
globose basal cell
RT-PCR
Real time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction
Olfactory bulb dysfunction
COVID-19
coronavirus disease 2019
LB
lewy body
ACE2
angiotensin converting enzyme 2
GG
Grüneberg ganglion
OB
olfactory bulb
Neurogenesis
Dopaminergic
Parkinson Disease
OSN
olfactory sensory neuron
SO
septal organ
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
AOS
accessory olfactory system
Neural stem cell
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
OD
olfactory dysfunction
medicine.anatomical_structure
OR
olfactory receptor
SN
substantia nigra
GCL
granule cell layer
medicine.symptom
GABA
Gamma aminobutyric acid
Anosmia
SVZ
subventricular zone
Olfaction
DDC
dopa decarboxylase
GPCR
G Protein-Coupled Receptor
AD
Alzheimer’s disease
SARS-CoV-2
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
03 medical and health sciences
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
DCX
Doublecortin
GML
glomerular layer
OE
olfactory epithelium
JE
Japanese encephalitis
medicine
RMS
rostral migratory stream
Animals
Humans
NSC
neural stem cells
HBC
Horizontal basal cell
MHV
mouse hepatitis virus
ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
PD
Parkinson’s disease
DAT-SPECT
Dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography
PSA-NCAM
polysialylated-neural cell adhesion molecule
business.industry
COVID-19
IPL
internal plexiform layer
PCNA
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Olfactory bulb
HD
Huntington’s disease
030104 developmental biology
ONL
olfactory nerve layer
Parkinson’s disease
TMPRSS2
transmembrane serine protease 2
MOS
Main olfactory system
DA
dopamine
ORN
olfactory receptor neurons
business
Neuroscience
Olfactory epithelium
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Zdroj: Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy
ISSN: 1873-6300
0891-0618
Popis: Graphical abstract
Anosmia, a neuropathogenic condition of loss of smell, has been recognized as a key pathogenic hallmark of the current pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infection responsible for COVID-19. While the anosmia resulting from olfactory bulb (OB) pathology is the prominent clinical characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD), SARS-CoV-2 infection has been predicted as a potential risk factor for developing Parkinsonism-related symptoms in a significant portion of COVID-19 patients and survivors. SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to alter the dopamine system and induce the loss of dopamine neurons that have been known to be the cause of PD. However, the underlying biological basis of anosmia and the potential link between COVID-19 and PD remains obscure. Ample experimental studies in rodents suggest that the occurrence of neural stem cell (NSC) mediated neurogenesis in the OB and olfactory epithelium (OE) is important for olfaction. However, the reports on neurogenesis in the human OB have been a subject of debate, while considerable experimental evidence strongly supports the incidence of neurogenesis in the human OB in adulthood. To note, various viral infections and neuropathogenic conditions including PD with olfactory dysfunctions have been characterized by impaired neurogenesis in OB and OE. Therefore, this article describes and examines the recent reports on SARS-CoV-2 mediated OB dysfunctions and defects in the dopaminergic system responsible for PD. Further, the article emphasizes that COVID-19 and PD associated anosmia could result from the regenerative failure in the replenishment of the dopaminergic neurons in OB and olfactory receptor-expressing neurons in OE respectively.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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