Sexual Differentiation of Circadian Clock Function in the Adrenal Gland
| Autor: | Jennifer A. Evans, Claire Klement, Ian Kloehn, Paul J. Gasser, Savin Pillai, Laurel Officer |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male endocrine system medicine.medical_specialty Sex Differentiation Circadian clock Estrous Cycle Biology 03 medical and health sciences Mice 0302 clinical medicine Endocrinology Internal medicine Circadian Clocks Adrenal Glands medicine Animals Testosterone Circadian rhythm Sex Characteristics Sexual differentiation Adrenal gland Period Circadian Proteins Circadian Rhythm PER2 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Female 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Glucocorticoid medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Endocrinology. 157(5) |
| ISSN: | 1945-7170 |
| Popis: | Sex differences in glucocorticoid production are associated with increased responsiveness of the adrenal gland in females. However, the adrenal-intrinsic mechanisms that establish sexual dimorphic function remain ill defined. Glucocorticoid production is gated at the molecular level by the circadian clock, which may contribute to sexual dimorphic adrenal function. Here we examine sex differences in the adrenal gland using an optical reporter of circadian clock function. Adrenal glands were cultured from male and female Period2::Luciferase (PER2::LUC) mice to assess clock function in vitro in real time. We confirm that there is a pronounced sex difference in the intrinsic capacity to sustain PER2::LUC rhythms in vitro, with higher amplitude rhythms in adrenal glands collected from males than from females. Changes in adrenal PER2::LUC rhythms over the reproductive life span implicate T as an important factor in driving sex differences in adrenal clock function. By directly manipulating hormone levels in adult mice in vivo, we demonstrate that T increases the amplitude of PER2::LUC rhythms in adrenal glands of both male and female mice. In contrast, we find little evidence that ovarian hormones modify adrenal clock function. Lastly, we find that T in vitro can increase the amplitude of PER2::LUC rhythms in male adrenals but not female adrenals, which suggests the existence of sex differences in the mechanisms of T action in vivo. Collectively these results reveal that activational effects of T alter circadian timekeeping in the adrenal gland, which may have implications for sex differences in stress reactivity and stress-related disorders. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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