Opening Holes in the Blanket of Inhibition: Localized Lateral Disinhibition by VIP Interneurons
| Autor: | Jesse Jackson, Inbal Ayzenshtat, Azadeh Hamzehei Sichani, Rafael Yuste, Samuel Kim, Mahesh M. Karnani, Kasra Manoocheri |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine genetic structures Interneuron Vasoactive intestinal peptide Neural Inhibition Biology Optogenetics Inhibitory postsynaptic potential Functional Laterality Mice 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Interneurons medicine Animals Premovement neuronal activity Visual Cortex Neocortex musculoskeletal neural and ocular physiology General Neuroscience fungi Articles 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure nervous system Excitatory postsynaptic potential Female Nerve Net Neuroscience hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonists 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of Neuroscience. 36:3471-3480 |
| ISSN: | 1529-2401 0270-6474 |
| DOI: | 10.1523/jneurosci.3646-15.2016 |
| Popis: | Inhibitory interneurons in the neocortex often connect in a promiscuous and extensive fashion, extending a “blanket of inhibition” on the circuit. This raises the problem of how can excitatory activity propagate in the midst of this widespread inhibition. One solution to this problem could be the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) interneurons, which disinhibit other interneurons. To explore how VIP interneurons affect the local circuits, we use two-photon optogenetics to activate them individually in mouse visual cortexin vivowhile measuring their output with two-photon calcium imaging. We find that VIP interneurons have narrow axons and inhibit nearby somatostatin interneurons, which themselves inhibit pyramidal cells. Moreover, via this lateral disinhibition, VIP cellsin vivomake local and transient “holes” in the inhibitory blanket extended by SOM cells. VIP interneurons, themselves regulated by neuromodulators, may therefore enable selective patterns of activity to propagate through the cortex, by generating a “spotlight of attention”.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMost inhibitory interneurons have axons restricted to a nearby area and target excitatory neighbors indiscriminately, raising the issue of how neuronal activity can propagate through cortical circuits. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing interneurons (VIPs) disinhibit cortical pyramidal cells through inhibition of other inhibitory interneurons, and they have very focused, “narrow” axons. By optogenetically activating single VIPs in live mice while recording the activity of nearby neurons, we find that VIPs break open a hole in blanket inhibition with an effective range of ∼120 μm in lateral cortical space where excitatory activity can propagate. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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