Genetic instability in budding and fission yeast—sources and mechanisms
| Autor: | Marek Skoneczny, Adrianna Skoneczna, Aneta Kaniak |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
DNA Replication
Genome instability homologous recombination Saccharomyces cerevisiae Review Article Environment medicine.disease_cause Microbiology Genome Genomic Instability Stress Physiological Schizosaccharomyces medicine aneuploidy fidelity of replication Gene Genetics Mutation biology Mitochondrial genome maintenance DNA replication Genetic Variation mitochondrial genome maintenance biology.organism_classification Infectious Diseases Schizosaccharomyces pombe dNTP pool transcription-associated genome instability DNA Damage |
| Zdroj: | FEMS Microbiology Reviews |
| ISSN: | 1574-6976 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/femsre/fuv028 |
| Popis: | Cells are constantly confronted with endogenous and exogenous factors that affect their genomes. Eons of evolution have allowed the cellular mechanisms responsible for preserving the genome to adjust for achieving contradictory objectives: to maintain the genome unchanged and to acquire mutations that allow adaptation to environmental changes. One evolutionary mechanism that has been refined for survival is genetic variation. In this review, we describe the mechanisms responsible for two biological processes: genome maintenance and mutation tolerance involved in generations of genetic variations in mitotic cells of both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These processes encompass mechanisms that ensure the fidelity of replication, DNA lesion sensing and DNA damage response pathways, as well as mechanisms that ensure precision in chromosome segregation during cell division. We discuss various factors that may influence genome stability, such as cellular ploidy, the phase of the cell cycle, transcriptional activity of a particular region of DNA, the proficiency of DNA quality control systems, the metabolic stage of the cell and its respiratory potential, and finally potential exposure to endogenous or environmental stress. The stability of budding and fission yeast genomes is influenced by two contradictory factors: (1) the need to be fully functional, which is ensured through the replication fidelity pathways of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes through sensing and repairing DNA damage, through precise chromosome segregation during cell division; and (2) the need to acquire changes for adaptation to environmental challenges. Graphical Abstract Figure. The stability of budding and fission yeast genomes is influenced by two contradictory factors: (1) the need to be fully functional, which is ensured through the replication fidelity pathways of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes through sensing and repairing DNA damage, through precise chromosome segregation during cell division; and (2) the need to acquire changes for adaptation to environmental challenges. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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