Current considerations related to physiological differences between the sexes and physical employment standards
Autor: | Marilyn A. Sharp, Tanja C. Roy, Deborah L. Gebhardt, Steven E. Gaskill, Delia Roberts |
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Rok vydání: | 2016 |
Předmět: |
Employment
Male medicine.medical_specialty Physiology Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Occupational injury Physical fitness 0211 other engineering and technologies Personnel selection Poison control 02 engineering and technology Workload 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Sex Factors Physiology (medical) Injury prevention medicine Humans Muscle Skeletal Personnel Selection Occupational Health 021110 strategic defence & security studies Nutrition and Dietetics ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION business.industry Human factors and ergonomics 030229 sport sciences General Medicine medicine.disease Job performance Physical Fitness Physical therapy Demographic economics Female Psychology business |
Zdroj: | Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme. 41(6 Suppl 2) |
ISSN: | 1715-5320 |
Popis: | The use of physical employment standards (PES) has helped ensure that workers have the physical attributes necessary to complete their jobs in a safe and efficient manner. However, PES used in the selection processes have not always reflected the critical physical requirements of the job tasks. Women generally have smaller anthropometric stature than men, less muscle mass, and therefore less strength, power, and endurance, particularly in the upper body. Nonetheless, these attributes in themselves are not valid grounds for exclusion from employment in physically demanding occupations. Selection standards based upon size or strength, irrespective of the job requirements, have resulted in the barring of capable women from physically demanding jobs, claims of gender bias, and costly litigations. To ensure all individuals are provided with equal access to employment, accurate characterization of the critical physical requirements of the job is paramount. This paper summarizes the existing research related to disparities between the sexes that contribute to sex differences in job performance in physically demanding occupations including physical and legal factors. Strategies for mitigating these differences in the setting of PES and the meeting of minimum employment standards are discussed. Where available, injury rates for women and men in physically demanding occupations are presented and the etiology considered. Finally, areas for further research are identified. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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