Characterisation of a syndrome of autoimmune adult onset focal epilepsy and encephalitis
| Autor: | Andrew Bleasel, Angela Vincent, John Parratt, Victor S.C. Fung, Sudarshini Ramanathan, Carolyn Orr, Russell C. Dale |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Pathology medicine.medical_specialty medicine.medical_treatment Hashimoto Disease Receptors N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Immunomodulation Young Adult Epilepsy Cerebrospinal fluid Physiology (medical) medicine Humans Retrospective Studies Autoimmune encephalitis Brain Diseases medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Brain biopsy Oligoclonal Bands Limbic encephalitis Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins Proteins Electroencephalography Immunosuppression General Medicine Middle Aged medicine.disease Magnetic Resonance Imaging Hyperintensity Neurology Positron-Emission Tomography Immunology Encephalitis Female Surgery Epilepsies Partial Neurology (clinical) business |
| Popis: | We report a series of patients with a clinical syndrome characterised by the explosive onset in adulthood of recurrent focal seizures of frontotemporal onset and features suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis. We propose that this presentation of "autoimmune adult onset focal epilepsy and encephalitis" is a recognisable clinical syndrome, and provide evidence it may be associated with heterogeneous immunological targets. Between 2008 and 2011 we encountered six patients with new-onset epilepsy in whom we suspected an autoimmune aetiology. We first characterised the clinical, electroencephalographic, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), imaging, and pathological findings of this syndrome. We subsequently tested them for antibodies against both intracellular and neuronal cell surface antigens. All patients presented with recurrent seizures with focal frontotemporal onset, refractory to multiple anticonvulsants. Four had focal T2-weighted hyperintensities on MRI. CSF mononuclear cells were variably elevated with positive oligoclonal bands in four. Brain biopsy in one patient demonstrated perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. Two were treated with immunosuppression and went on to achieve complete seizure control and return to baseline cognition. Three of four patients who received only pulsed steroids or no treatment had ongoing frequent seizures, with two dying of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Subsequently, three had antibodies identified against neuronal cell surface antigens including N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1. We suggest that patients with such a presentation should be carefully evaluated for a suspected autoimmune aetiology targeting cell surface antigens and have a therapeutic trial of immunosuppression as this may improve their long-term outcome. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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