Planck intermediate results. XIX. An overview of the polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust

Autor: Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Alina, D., Alves, M. I. R., Armitage-Caplan, C., Arnaud, M., Arzoumanian, D., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bracco, A., BURIGANA, CARLO, Butler, R. C., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, H. C., Christensen, P. R., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Combet, C., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Curto, A., CUTTAIA, FRANCESCO, Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., De Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dunkley, J., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Falgarone, E., Ferrière, K., FINELLI, FABIO, Forni, O., FRAILIS, Marco, Fraisse, A. A., FRANCESCHI, ENRICO, GALEOTTA, Samuele, Ganga, K., Ghosh, T., Giard, M., Giraud-Héraud, Y., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., GRUPPUSO, ALESSANDRO, Guillet, V., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D. L., Helou, G., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Jaffe, T. R., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Leahy, J. P., Leonardi, R., Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maffei, B., Magalhães, A. M., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., MARIS, Michele, Marshall, D. J., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., MORGANTE, GIANLUCA, Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Oxborrow, C. A., Pagano, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., PAOLETTI, DANIELA, Pasian, F., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Poidevin, F., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Popa, L., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., RICCIARDI, SARA, Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Roudier, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., SANDRI, MAURA, Savini, G., Scott, D., Spencer, L. D., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., TERENZI, LUCA, Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tucci, M., UMANA, Grazia Maria Gloria, VALENZIANO, LUCA, Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., VILLA, FABRIZIO, Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., ZACCHEI, Andrea, Zonca, A.
Přispěvatelé: AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PLANCK, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Alina, D, Alves, M, Armitage Caplan, C, Arnaud, M, Arzoumanian, D, Ashdown, M, Atrio Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit Lévy, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bielewicz, P, Bock, J, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Bracco, A, Burigana, C, Butler, R, Cardoso, J, Catalano, A, Chamballu, A, Chary, R, Chiang, H, Christensen, P, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Combet, C, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Curto, A, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davies, R, Davis, R, DE BERNARDIS, P, De Gouveia Dal Pino, E, De Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Désert, F, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Donzelli, S, Doré, O, Douspis, M, Dunkley, J, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Enßlin, T, Eriksen, H, Falgarone, E, Ferrière, K, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Fraisse, A, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Ghosh, T, Giard, M, Giraud Héraud, Y, González Nuevo, J, Górski, K, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Guillet, V, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Helou, G, Hernández Monteagudo, C, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hornstrup, A, Huffenberger, K, Jaffe, A, Jaffe, T, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihänen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kneissl, R, Knoche, J, Kunz, M, Kurki Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lähteenmäki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lawrence, C, Leahy, J, Leonardi, R, Levrier, F, Liguori, M, Lilje, P, Linden Vørnle, M, López Caniego, M, Lubin, P, Macías Pérez, J, Maffei, B, Magalhães, A, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martínez González, E, Masi, S, Matarrese, S, Mazzotta, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Migliaccio, M, Miville Deschênes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Netterfield, C, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Oxborrow, C, Pagano, L, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Paoletti, D, Pasian, F, Pearson, T, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pietrobon, D, Plaszczynski, S, Poidevin, F, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Popa, L, Pratt, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Remazeilles, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Roudier, G, Rubiño Martín, J, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Spencer, L, Stolyarov, V, Stompor, R, Sudiwala, R, Sutton, D, Suur Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Umana, G, Valenziano, L, Valiviita, J, Van Tent, B, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Junta de Andalucía, European Research Council, European Commission, Universidade de São Paulo, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Alina, D., Alves, M. I. R., Armitage Caplan, C., Arnaud, M., Arzoumanian, D., Ashdown, M., Atrio Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoit Lévy, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bracco, A., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cardoso, J. F., Catalano, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. R., Chiang, H. C., Christensen, P. R., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Combet, C., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Curto, A., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., De Bernardis, P., De Gouveia Dal Pino, E. M., De Rosa, A., De Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Désert, F. X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dunkley, J., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Falgarone, E., Ferrière, K., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Ghosh, T., Giard, M., Giraud Héraud, Y., González Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, Anna, Gruppuso, A., Guillet, V., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D. L., Helou, G., Hernández Monteagudo, C., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Jaffe, T. R., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. M., Lasenby, A., Lawrence, C. R., Leahy, J. P., Leonardi, R., Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Linden Vørnle, M., López Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías Pérez, J. F., Maffei, B., Magalhães, A. M., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P. G., Martínez González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Miville Deschênes, M. A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Oxborrow, C. A., Pagano, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Poidevin, F., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Popa, L., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Roudier, G., Rubiño Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Spencer, L. D., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sutton, D., Suur Uski, A. S., Sygnet, J. F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tucci, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A.
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2015
Předmět:
magnetic field [ISM]
EXTRAGALACTIC SOURCES
Astronomy
cloud [ISM]
Dust
extinction
ISM: clouds
ISM: general
ISM: magnetic fields
Submillimeter: ISM
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science
[ISM]
Astrophysics
clouds
7. Clean energy
Radiative transfer
INTERSTELLAR TURBULENCE
SOUTHERN SKY
extinction / ISM: magnetic fields / ISM: clouds / submillimeter: ISM
QB
Physics
general [ISM]
extinction
Dust
Polarization (waves)
Magnetic field
ROTATION MEASURES
symbols
ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING
Polar
dust
[SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA]
dust [ISM]
clouds [ISM]
NUVENS
GRAIN ALIGNMENT
ISM: general / dust
FOS: Physical sciences
Cosmic ray
1.4 GHZ
Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
NO
symbols.namesake
ISM: magnetic field
Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica
ISM: cloud
Faraday effect
RADIATIVE TORQUE ALIGNMENT
Planck
FORMING MOLECULAR CLOUDS
ISM [submillimeter]
Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Brewster's angle
magnetic fields [ISM]
Astronomy and Astrophysic
115 Astronomy
Space science
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
[PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA]
Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS
MAGNETIC-FIELD GEOMETRY
Zdroj: Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A
Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, EDP Sciences, 2015, 576, pp.A104. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/201424082⟩
Astronomy and Astrophysics-A&A, 2015, 576, pp.A104. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/201424082⟩
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astronomy & Astrophysics, 576
Cardoso, J F, Delabrouille, J, Ganga, K, Giraud-Héraud, Y, Piat, M, Remazeilles, M, Rosset, C, Roudier, G, Stompor, R, Lähteenmäki, A, Kunz, M, Natoli, P, Polenta, G, Mandolesi, N, Ashdown, M, Curto, A, Hobson, M, Lasenby, A, Stolyarov, V, Chiang, H C, Kneissl, R, Bond, J R, Martin, P G, Miville-Deschênes, M A, Alina, D, Banday, A J, Bernard, J-P, Bielewicz, P, Ferrière, K, Forni, O, Giard, M, Jaffe, T R, Montier, L, Pointecouteau, E, Ristorcelli, I, Bock, J J, Doré, O, Helou, G, Hildebrandt, S R, Pearson, T J, Rocha, G, Hernández-Monteagudo, C, Borrill, J, Keskitalo, R, Rebolo, R, Chamballu, A, Hornstrup, A, Linden-Vørnle, M, Oxborrow, C A, Tucci, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Toffolatti, L, Netterfield, C B, Rachen, J P, Scott, D, Colombo, L P L, Benoit-Lévy, A, Poidevin, F, Huffenberger, K M, Juvela, M, Keihänen, E, Kurki-Suonio, H, Suur-Uski, A S, Valiviita, J, Fraisse, A A, Jones, W C, Lubin, P M, Zonca, A, Wandelt, B D, Liguori, M, Matarrese, S, Burigana, C, De Bernardis, P, Masi, S, Melchiorri, A, Nati, F, Pagano, L, Piacentini, F, Bersanelli, M, Maino, D, Mennella, A, Tomasi, M, Gregorio, A, Mazzotta, P, Christensen, P R, Naselsky, P, Rubiño-Martín, J A, Dupac, X, Leonardi, R, Mendes, L, Tauber, J A, Umana, G, De Zotti, G, Frailis, M, Galeotta, S, Maris, M, Pasian, F, Zacchei, A, Butler, R C, Cuttaia, F, De Rosa, A, Finelli, F, Franceschi, E, Gruppuso, A, Morgante, G, Paoletti, D, Ricciardi, S, Sandri, M, Terenzi, L, Valenziano, L, Villa, F, Donzelli, S, Désert, F-X, Jaffe, A H, Mortlock, D, Novikov, D, Chary, R R, Paladini, R, Rusholme, B, Aghanim, N, Alves, M I R, Arzoumanian, D, Aumont, J, Boulanger, F, Bracco, A, Douspis, M, Ghosh, T, Guillet, V, Lagache, G, Pajot, F, Puget, J L, Benabed, K, Bouchet, F R, Colombi, S, Hivon, E, Moneti, A, Prunet, S, Sygnet, J F, Popa, L, Efstathiou, G, Harrison, D L, Migliaccio, M, Sutton, D, Eriksen, H K, Hansen, F K, Lilje, P B, De Gouveia Dal Pino, E M, Magalhães, A M, Barreiro, R B, Diego, J M, González-Nuevo, J, López-Caniego, M, Martínez-González, E, Vielva, P, Crill, B P, Górski, K M, Holmes, W A, Lawrence, C R, Pietrobon, D, Wade, L A, Davies, R D, Davis, R J, Dickinson, C, Leahy, J P, Maffei, B, Noviello, F, Couchot, F, Perdereau, O, Plaszczynski, S, Tristram, M, Catalano, A, Coulais, A, Falgarone, E, Lamarre, J-M, Levrier, F, Arnaud, M, Marshall, D J, Pratt, G W, Combet, C, Macías-Pérez, J F, Perotto, L, Renault, C, Van Tent, B, Kisner, T S, Enßlin, T A, Knoche, J, Reinecke, M, Riller, T, Murphy, J A, Novikov, I, Savini, G, Baccigalupi, C, Danese, L, Perrotta, F, Ade, P A R, Munshi, D, Spencer, L D, Sudiwala, R, Armitage-Caplan, C, Dunkley, J, Reach, W T & Battaner, E 2015, ' Planck intermediate results. XIX. An overview of the polarized thermal emission from Galactic dust ', Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 576, pp. A104 . https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424082
Astronomy & Astrophysics, 576, April
Repositório Institucional da USP (Biblioteca Digital da Produção Intelectual)
Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
instacron:USP
Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname
ISSN: 0004-6361
Popis: et al.
This paper presents an overview of the polarized sky as seen by Planck HFI at 353 GHz, which is the most sensitive Planck channel for dust polarization. We construct and analyse maps of dust polarization fraction and polarization angle at 1° resolution, taking into account noise bias and possible systematic effects. The sensitivity of the Planck HFI polarization measurements allows for the first time a mapping of Galactic dust polarized emission on large scales, including low column density regions. We find that the maximum observed dust polarization fraction is high (pmax = 19.8%), in particular in some regions of moderate hydrogen column density (NH < 2 × 1021 cm-2). The polarization fraction displays a large scatter at NH below a few 1021 cm-2. There is a general decrease in the dust polarization fraction with increasing column density above NH ≃ 1 × 1021 cm-2 and in particular a sharp drop above NH ≃ 1.5 × 1022 cm-2. We characterize the spatial structure of the polarization angle using the angle dispersion function. We find that the polarization angle is ordered over extended areas of several square degrees, separated by filamentary structures of high angle dispersion function. These appear as interfaces where the sky projection of the magnetic field changes abruptly without variations in the column density. The polarization fraction is found to be anti-correlated with the dispersion of polarization angles. These results suggest that, at the resolution of 1°, depolarization is due mainly to fluctuations in the magnetic field orientation along the line of sight, rather than to the loss of grain alignment in shielded regions. We also compare the polarization of thermal dust emission with that of synchrotron measured with Planck, low-frequency radio data, and Faraday rotation measurements toward extragalactic sources. These components bear resemblance along the Galactic plane and in some regions such as the Fan and North Polar Spur regions. The poor match observed in other regions shows, however, that dust, cosmic-ray electrons, and thermal electrons generally sample different parts of the line of sight.
The development of Planck has been supported by: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN, J.A., and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF, and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/M CTES (Portugal); and PRACE (EU). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ ERC grant agreement no 267934 and from a joint agreement between University of São Paulo, Brazil, and COFECUB, France (grant nos. USP 2007.1.433.14.2 and COFECUB Uc Te 114/08).
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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