Modeling and estimating manganese concentrations in rural households in the mining district of Molango, Mexico
| Autor: | Marlene Cortez-Lugo, Sandra Rodríguez-Dozal, Irma Rosas-Pérez, Horacio Riojas-Rodríguez, Urinda Alamo-Hernández |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Rural Population
chemistry.chemical_element Predictor variables Manganese Management Monitoring Policy and Law complex mixtures Mining Air pollutants Humans Mexico General Environmental Science Ions Air Pollutants Family Characteristics Rural community Family characteristics Environmental engineering General Medicine Pollution chemistry Models Chemical Environmental chemistry Air Pollution Indoor Linear Models Environmental science Rural population Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Environmental monitoring and assessment. 187(12) |
| ISSN: | 1573-2959 |
| Popis: | Airborne manganese (Mn) is considered the most hazardous route of exposure since Mn particles can enter into the body through the lung and may access the brain directly through olfactory uptake, thereby bypassing homeostatic excretory mechanisms. Environmental indoor and outdoor manganese concentrations in PM2.5 were monitored in ten rural households from two communities of Hidalgo, Mexico, from 2006 to 2007. Indoor and outdoor air samples of PM2.5 were collected using MiniVol samplers, and Mn concentrations in the filters were measured using proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). An adjusted generalized linear mixed model was applied and then used for estimating indoor concentrations in non-monitored households. Our monitoring results showed a higher daily average concentration of indoor PM2.5 vs. outdoor PM2.5 (46.4 vs. 36.2 μg/m(3), respectively); however, manganese concentration in PM2.5 indoor and outdoor was 0.09 μg/m(3) in both sceneries. Predictor variables of indoor Mn concentration were outdoor Mn concentration (64.5% increase per 0.1 μg/m(3) change in Mn) and keeping the windows open (4.2% increase). Using these predictors, the average estimated indoor Mn concentration in PM2.5 was 0.07 μg/m(3) (SD = 0.05). Our results confirm the direct effect of outdoor Mn levels, opening house windows, and the distance to the mining chimney in indoor Mn levels in houses. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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