Техно- й урбосистеми: методологічні підходи до оцінювання стану урбанізованого довкілля
| Autor: | V. V. Balkovskyy, T. M. Datsko, N. Ya. Lopotych, P. S. Hnativ |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
education.field_of_study
Urban agglomeration Population Agrarian society Anthropocentrism Urbanization General Earth and Planetary Sciences Productive forces lcsh:SD1-669.5 Business Ecocentrism Economic geography урбанізація техногенез демутація системний аналіз екосистема природне довкілля біогеосфера lcsh:Forestry education Ecological crisis General Environmental Science |
| Zdroj: | Науковий вісник НЛТУ України, Vol 29, Iss 5, Pp 82-87 (2019) |
| ISSN: | 2519-2477 1994-7836 |
| Popis: | Our days are characterized by the rapid development of cities and the aggravation of problems associated with the relationships between nature and society. One of these problems is the contradiction between the growth of cities, on the one hand, and the desire to preserve the wildlife and man’s relationship with it in urban and suburban areas, on the other hand. Today, in most cases, the process of urbanization in the world takes place extensively, which is inherent to agrarian in the past countries. Its features are the rapid growth of urban population and the emergence of many new cities. During the extensive urbanization, the growth of cities and the formation of urban structures depends primarily on the needs of material production and, in particular, the extensive nature of the development of productive forces of society, which led to the growth of the intensity and scale of human impact on the natural environment and brought to the dangerous turn of local and regional ecological crisis, practically to widespread exacerbation of the threat of catastrophic destruction of the living environment of people. During the extensive urbanization, the growth of cities and the formation of urban structures depends primarily on the needs of material production and, in particular, the extensive nature of the development of productive forces of society, which led to the growth of the intensity and scale of human impact on the natural environment and brought to the dangerous turn of local and regional ecological crisis, practically to widespread exacerbation of the threat of catastrophic destruction of the living environment of people. The most diverse types of human activities and various forms of social and economic activity are concentrated in cities and urban industrial agglomerations; they focus on the strongest anthropogenic impact of the biogeospheres on the internal environment. Since there is no substantiated theory of technogenesis and urban genesis yet, we offer our own vision of the essence of technical, technological and urban systems from the point of view of both ecology (ecocentrism) and anthropocentrism. To solve the problem of an adequate assessment of the genesis of the problems of the urban environment and the protection of ecosystems from technogenesis, we formulate the basic definitions of what technical systems, technological systems and ecosystems are. Understanding the nature of these systems, the purpose of their creation and functioning gives real, scientifically-based levers of process control, which theoretically can serve as the bases of harmonization, usually the opposite reasons for the existence of these systems. Various influences of technosystems on ecosystems and, on the contrary, ecosystems, or their separate components on the technosystem are described in this work. The authors have shown what can lead to loss of a person's leading role in these processes. It is proved that the quality, or parametric features of the urbanized environment, is a synergistic result of the integrated influence of each of its technical, technological, biotic components and the person himself on the biogeoshere. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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