Mechanisms and modification of chlorine-induced lung injury in animals
| Autor: | Sadis Matalon, Edward M. Postlethwait, Stephen F. Doran, Andreas Bracher, Martin Leustik, Amit K. Yadav, Giuseppe L. Squadrito |
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| Rok vydání: | 2010 |
| Předmět: |
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Lung Diseases Hypochlorous acid Alveolar Epithelium Ascorbic Acid Pharmacology Lung injury Acetylcysteine chemistry.chemical_compound medicine Animals Understanding and Treating Chlorine-induced Lung Injury Lung Inhalation exposure Inhalation Exposure Chemistry Glutathione Ascorbic acid Rats medicine.anatomical_structure Immunology Models Animal Gases Rabbits Chlorine Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society. 7(4) |
| ISSN: | 1943-5665 |
| Popis: | Chlorine (Cl(2)) is a reactive oxidant gas used extensively in industrial processes. Exposure of both humans and animals to high concentrations of Cl(2) results in acute lung injury, which may resolve spontaneously or progress to acute respiratory failure. Injury to airway and alveolar epithelium may result from chemical reactions of Cl(2), from HOCl (the hydrolysis product of Cl(2)), and/or from the various reaction products, such as chloramines, that are formed from the reactions of these chlorinating species with biological molecules. Subsequent reactions may initiate self-propagating reactions and induce the production of inflammatory mediators compounding injury to pulmonary surfactant, ion channels, and components of lung epithelial and airway cells. Low-molecular-weight antioxidants, such as ascorbate, glutathione, and urate, present in the lung epithelial lining fluid and tissue, remove Cl(2) and HOCl and thus decrease injury to critical target biological targets. However, levels of lung antioxidants of animals exposed to Cl(2) in concentrations likely to be encountered in the vicinity of industrial accidents decrease rapidly and irreversibly. Our measurements show that prophylactic administration of a mixture containing ascorbate and desferal N-acetyl-cysteine, a precursor of reduced glutathione, prevents Cl(2)-induced injury to the alveolar epithelium of rats exposed to Cl(2). The clinical challenge is to deliver sufficient quantities of antioxidants noninvasively, after Cl(2) exposure, to decrease morbidity and mortality. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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