Comparative Toxicity in Earthworms Eisenia fetida and Lumbricus terrestris Exposed to Cadmium Nitrate Using Artificial Soil and Filter Paper Protocols
Autor: | J. F. Muratti-Ortiz, Arthur J. Goven, Lloyd C. Fitzpatrick, Barney J. Venables |
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Rok vydání: | 1996 |
Předmět: |
Paper
Eisenia fetida Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Toxicology Lethal Dose 50 Soil Species Specificity Cadmium Compounds Animals Soil Pollutants Ecotoxicology Oligochaeta Pollutant Nitrates biology Earthworm General Medicine Reference Standards biology.organism_classification Pollution Manure Soil water Filtration Lumbricus terrestris Cadmium |
Zdroj: | Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 57:63-68 |
ISSN: | 1432-0800 0007-4861 |
Popis: | Earthworms are ideal soil organisms for use in terrestrial ecotoxicology. As such, several earthworm protocols have been developed for testing toxic potential of chemicals and contaminated soils. Of these, the 48-h filter paper contact (FP) and the 14-d artificial soil exposure (AS) protocols, using mortality (LC50) as the toxic endpoint and Eisenia fetida as the test species, have received the most attention, with the latter being adopted by both OECD and EEC in Europe and the Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in the United States. Although the FP technique, adopted by EEC, provides for inexpensive reproducible toxicity screening for chemicals (i.e. establishing relative toxicities), it has been criticized for lacking the ecotoxicological relevance of the AS protocol. Choice of earthworm species for laboratory testing also has been controversial. The manure worm, E. fetida, is criticized for not being sufficiently sensitive to chemicals or representative of {open_quotes}typical{close_quotes} earthworms. Lumbricus terrestris and Apporectodea caliginosa have been suggested as more sensitive and ecologically relevant earthworms by Dean-Ross and Martin, respectively. This paper compares the AS and FP protocols in assessing toxicity of cadminum to L. terrestris and E. fetida using LC50s and LC50s. 19 refs., 2 tabs. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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