Academic Achievement Among Children With Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts : A Population-Based Study
| Autor: | Luiz André Freire Pimenta, Robert E. Meyer, Robert J. Lipinski, Arthur S. Aylsworth, Jeffrey R. Marcus, Stephanie Watkins, Ronald P. Strauss, Alexander C. Allori |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
business.industry
030206 dentistry Academic achievement Population based study 03 medical and health sciences Poor reading 0302 clinical medicine School performance Otorhinolaryngology 030225 pediatrics Learning disability Medicine Oral Surgery medicine.symptom Association (psychology) business Clinical psychology |
| Zdroj: | The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. 55(1) |
| ISSN: | 1545-1569 |
| Popis: | Objective:Children with orofacial clefts (OFCs) may experience poor reading proficiency, learning disabilities, and academic underachievement. We examined the association between nonsyndromic (NS) OFCs and end-of-grade (EOG) performance in reading and math from third through eighth grade in a sample subgroup.Participants:We identified a cohort of 559 children with NS-OFCs and 6822 children without birth defects, classifying cleft type by cleft lip alone, with or without cleft alveolar ridge (CL); cleft lip with cleft palate (CL+P); and cleft palate only (CP).Main Outcome Measures:Using logistic regression, we estimated the odds of not meeting grade-level standards among children with NS-OFCs compared to unaffected peers. Using longitudinal analyses, we estimated the odds of not meeting grade-level standards and average change in test scores through eighth grade.Results:Children with NS-OFCs were 1.22 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.83) times as likely not to meet grade-level standards in reading compared to unaffected peers. The effect was similar for math (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.48). Children with CL+P were 1.33 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.83) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.56) times as likely not to meet grade-level standard in reading and in both subjects, respectively, compared to unaffected peers. The average rate of change in both scores was similar for children with and without OFCs.Conclusions:Poor academic performance appears greatest for children with CL+P, a finding compatible with previous observations and hypothesized mechanisms associating orofacial clefts with subtle abnormalities in brain development. Academic performance monitoring and referral for academic assistance is warranted. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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