Cost of illness for severe and non-severe diarrhea borne by households in a low-income urban community of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
| Autor: | Stephen P. Luby, Peter Jensen, Probir Kumar Ghosh, Shifat Khan, Emily S. Gurley, Sushil Ranjan Howlader, Nadia Ali Rimi, Sayeda Tasnuva Swarna, Humayun Kabir, Jahangir A. M. Khan, Rebeca Sultana, Nazmun Nahar |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Financial Management Urban Population Sanitation Economics Cross-sectional study RC955-962 Social Sciences Geographical Locations Families Indirect costs 0302 clinical medicine Cost of Illness Antibiotics Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Medicine Public and Occupational Health 030212 general & internal medicine Child Children Average cost Bangladesh Family Characteristics education.field_of_study Antimicrobials Drugs Health Care Costs Socioeconomic Aspects of Health Diarrhea Infectious Diseases Child Preschool Female Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 medicine.symptom Research Article Adult Asia Patients Adolescent 030231 tropical medicine Population Pharmacy Gastroenterology and Hepatology Microbiology Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences Signs and Symptoms Health Economics Microbial Control Environmental health Indirect Costs Humans education Poverty Pharmacology Health economics business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Biology and Life Sciences Infant Health Care Age Groups People and Places Population Groupings Clinical Medicine business Finance |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Sultana, R, Luby, S P, Gurley, E S, Rimi, N A, Swarna, S T, Khan, J A M, Nahar, N, Ghosh, P K, Howlader, S R, Kabir, H, Khan, S & Jensen, P K M 2021, ' Cost of illness for severe and non-severe diarrhea borne by households in a low-income urban community of Bangladesh : A cross-sectional study ', PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 15, no. 6, e0009439 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009439 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e0009439 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1935-2735 |
| Popis: | The illness cost borne by households, known as out-of-pocket expenditure, was 74% of the total health expenditure in Bangladesh in 2017. Calculating economic burden of diarrhea of low-income urban community is important to identify potential cost savings strategies and prioritize policy decision to improve the quality of life of this population. This study aimed to estimate cost of illness and monthly percent expenditure borne by households due diarrhea in a low-income urban settlement of Dhaka, Bangladesh. We conducted this study in East Arichpur area of Tongi township in Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 17, 2015 to July 26, 2016. We used the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of three or more loose stool in 24 hours to enroll patients and enrolled 106 severe patients and 158 non-severe patients from Tongi General Hospital, local pharmacy and study community. The team enrolled patients between the first to third day of the illness (≤ 72 hours) and continued daily follow-up by phone until recovery. We considered direct and indirect costs to calculate cost-per-episode. We applied the published incidence rate to estimate the annual cost of diarrhea. The estimated average cost of illness for patient with severe diarrhea was US$ 27.39 [95% CI: 24.55, 30.23] (2,147 BDT), 17% of the average monthly income of the households. The average cost of illness for patient with non-severe diarrhea was US$ 6.36 [95% CI: 5.19, 7.55] (499 BDT), 4% of the average monthly income of households. A single diarrheal episode substantially affects financial condition of low-income urban community residents: a severe episode can cost almost equivalent to 4.35 days (17%) and a non-severe episode can cost almost equivalent to 1 day (4%) of household’s income. Preventing diarrhea preserves health and supports financial livelihoods. Author summary The illness cost borne by households, known as out-of-pocket expenditure was 74% of the total health expenditure in Bangladesh in 2017. Most of the studies in Bangladesh that estimated the cost of diarrheal illness collected data from hospital patients and mostly targeted under-five children. Information on economic burden of diarrhea borne by households of low-income urban communities who commonly had ≤ 2 US$ dollar income per capita per day still remained unknown. We conducted this study in East Arichpur area of Tongi township in Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2015 to July 2016 to estimate cost of illness and monthly percent expenditure borne by households due diarrhea in a low-income urban settlement of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The estimated average cost of illness for patient with severe diarrhea was US$ 27.39 (2,147 BDT) and non-severe diarrhea was US$ 6.36 (499 BDT). A single diarrheal episode substantially affects financial capability of the low-income urban community: a severe episode can cost 4.35 days (17%) and a non-severe episode can cost 1 day (4%) of income of a households. Preventing diarrhea preserves health and supports financial livelihoods. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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