Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns
| Autor: | Daniel H. Janzen, Jinhui Shen, Winnie Hallwachs, Qian Cong, Nick V. Grishin, Jing Zhang, Wenlin Li |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine higher classification Genotype Evolution Genome Insect Biodiversity Genomics Biology 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Genome taxonomy 03 medical and health sciences Species Specificity Phylogenetics Animals Wings Animal Phylogeny Multidisciplinary Biological Mimicry Computational Biology Phenotypic trait Biological Sciences Lepidoptera Phenotype 030104 developmental biology Evolutionary biology Multigene Family Mimicry Taxonomy (biology) Subgenus Butterflies mimicry |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| ISSN: | 1091-6490 0027-8424 |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.1821304116 |
| Popis: | Significance With decreasing cost, biodiversity genomics can be done by small laboratories, not large centers. Here, we overview the genomic landscape of an entire family of animals. By sequencing 250 representatives of skipper butterflies, we infer their phylogeny and search for genotypic determinants of phenotypic traits. We find that wing patterns are frequently convergent. This likely mimetic convergence is diversified, resulting in five distinct parallel patterns. Each of the five patterns occurs within at least two genera as well as in more distant relatives diverged more than 20 Mya. This work offers an example of how each of the nearly 6,000 families of animals will be studied in the future. For centuries, biologists have used phenotypes to infer evolution. For decades, a handful of gene markers have given us a glimpse of the genotype to combine with phenotypic traits. Today, we can sequence entire genomes from hundreds of species and gain yet closer scrutiny. To illustrate the power of genomics, we have chosen skipper butterflies (Hesperiidae). The genomes of 250 representative species of skippers reveal rampant inconsistencies between their current classification and a genome-based phylogeny. We use a dated genomic tree to define tribes (six new) and subtribes (six new), to overhaul genera (nine new) and subgenera (three new), and to display convergence in wing patterns that fooled researchers for decades. We find that many skippers with similar appearance are distantly related, and several skippers with distinct morphology are close relatives. These conclusions are strongly supported by different genomic regions and are consistent with some morphological traits. Our work is a forerunner to genomic biology shaping biodiversity research. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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