Mitochondrial transformations in the aging human placenta
| Autor: | Anthony V. Perkins, Lucy A. Bartho, James S. M. Cuffe, Joshua J. Fisher |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Aging medicine.medical_specialty Physiology Placenta Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Mitochondrion Biology Mitochondrial Dynamics 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Pregnancy Physiology (medical) Internal medicine Mitophagy medicine Animals Humans Free-radical theory of aging Fetus Autophagy Trophoblast Mitochondria Oxidative Stress 030104 developmental biology Endocrinology medicine.anatomical_structure Ageing Female 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Signal Transduction |
| Zdroj: | American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 319:E981-E994 |
| ISSN: | 1522-1555 0193-1849 |
| Popis: | Mitochondria play a key role in homeostasis and are central to one of the leading hypotheses of ageing, the free radical theory. Mitochondria function as a reticulated network, constantly adapting to the cellular environment through fusion (joining), biogenesis (formation of new mitochondria) and fission (separation). This adaptive response is particularly important in response to oxidative stress, cellular damage and ageing, when mitochondria are selectively removed through mitophagy, a mitochondrial equivalent of autophagy. During this complex process, mitochondria influence surrounding cell biology and organelles through the release of signalling molecules. Given that the human placenta is a unique organ having a transient and somewhat defined lifespan of approximately 280 days, any adaption or dysfunction associated with mitochondrial physiology as a result of ageing will have a dramatic impact on the health and function of both the placenta and the fetus. Additionally, a defective placenta during gestation, resulting in reduced fetal growth, has been shown to influence the development of chronic disease in later life. In this review we focus on the mitochondrial adaptions and transformations which accompany gestational length and share similarities with aged related diseases. In addition, we will discuss the role of such changes in regulating placental function throughout gestation, the aetiology of gestational complications and in the development of chronic diseases later in life. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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