Greener Dye Synthesis: Continuous, Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Commodity Perylene Diimides by Twin‐Screw Extrusion
| Autor: | Qun Cao, Deborah E. Crawford, Stuart L. James, ChengCheng Shi |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
Materials science 010405 organic chemistry General Chemistry General Medicine 010402 general chemistry 01 natural sciences Combinatorial chemistry Catalysis 0104 chemical sciences Solvent chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Mechanochemistry Yield (chemistry) Amine gas treating Extrusion Imide Alkyl Perylene |
| Zdroj: | Cao, Q, Crawford, D E, Shi, C & James, S L 2020, ' Greener Dye Synthesis: Continuous, Solvent-Free Synthesis of Commodity Perylene Diimides by Twin-Screw Extrusion ', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 4478 . https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201913625 |
| ISSN: | 1521-3757 0044-8249 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/ange.201913625 |
| Popis: | A continuous, scalable, and solvent-free method for the synthesis of various naphthalic imides and perylene diimides (PDIs) using twin-screw extrusion (TSE) is reported. Using TSE, naphthalic imides were obtained quantitatively without the need for excess amine reactant or product purification. With good functional-group tolerance, alkyl and benzyl amine derived PDIs (incl. commercial dyes) were obtained in 50-99 % yield. Use of K2 CO3 , enabled synthesis of more difficult aniline-derived PDIs. Furthermore, an automated continuous TSE process for Pigments Black 31 and 32 is demonstrated, with a throughput rate of about 1500 g day-1 , corresponding to a space time yield of about 30×103 kg m-3 day-1 , which is 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than for solvent-based batch methods. These methods provide substantial waste reductions and improved efficiency compared to conventional solvent-based methods. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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