Aggression supersedes individual oxygen demand to drive group air‐breathing in a social catfish
| Autor: | F. Tadeu Rantin, Andrew J. Esbaugh, David J. McKenzie, Nícolas Fernandes Martins, Shaun S. Killen |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Clarias gariepinus ecophysiology Foraging group-living 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Predation social behaviour 03 medical and health sciences Respirometry Agonistic behaviour medicine Animals 14. Life underwater Social Behavior Physiological Ecology Catfishes Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics metabolic rate biology Aggression Ecology Respiration air-breathing fish Hypoxia (environmental) keystone individuals biology.organism_classification Oxygen 030104 developmental biology air‐breathing fish Animal Science and Zoology medicine.symptom Research Article group‐living Catfish |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Animal Ecology Journal Of Animal Ecology (0021-8790) (Wiley), 2018-01, Vol. 87, N. 1, P. 223-234 The Journal of Animal Ecology |
| ISSN: | 1365-2656 0021-8790 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/1365-2656.12758 |
| Popis: | 1. Group-living is widespread among animals and comes with numerous costs and benefits. To date, research examining group-living has focused on trade-offs surrounding foraging, while other forms of resource acquisition have been largely overlooked.\ud 2. Air breathing has evolved in many fish lineages, allowing animals to obtain oxygen in hypoxic aquatic environments. Breathing air increases the threat of predation, so some species perform group air breathing, to reduce individual risk. Within species, air breathing can be influenced by metabolic rate as well as personality, but the mechanisms of group air breathing remain unexplored. It is conceivable that keystone individuals with high metabolic demand or intrinsic tendency to breathe air may drive social breathing, especially in hypoxia.\ud 3. We examined social air breathing in African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus, to determine whether individual physiological traits and spontaneous tendency to breathe air influence the behaviour of entire groups, and whether such influences vary in relation to aquatic oxygen availability.\ud 4. We studied eleven groups of four catfish in a laboratory arena and recorded air-breathing behaviour, activity, and agonistic interactions at varying levels of hypoxia. Bimodal respirometry was used to estimate individual standard metabolic rate (SMR) and the tendency to utilise aerial oxygen when alone.\ud 5. Fish took more air breaths in groups as compared to when they were alone, regardless of water oxygen content, and displayed temporally clustered air-breathing behaviour, consistent with existing definitions of synchronous air breathing. However, groups displayed tremendous variability in surfacing behaviour. Aggression by dominant individuals within groups was the main factor influencing air breathing of the entire group. There was no association between individual SMR, or the tendency to obtain oxygen from air when in isolation, and group air breathing.\ud 6. For C. gariepinus, synchronous air breathing is strongly influenced by agonistic interactions, which may expose subordinate individuals to risk of predation. Influential individuals exerted an overriding effect on risk-taking by the entire group, for reasons independent of their physiological oxygen requirements. Overall, this illustrates that social context can obscure interactions between an individual's physiological and behavioural traits and their tendency to take risks to obtain resources. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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