Essential Improvements in Future District Heating Systems
| Autor: | Helge Averfalk, Sven Werner |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
system design
Engineering business.industry 020209 energy Hybrid heat Mechanical engineering Energy Engineering 02 engineering and technology Coefficient of performance Heat sink Thermal energy storage Flue-gas condensation thermal lengths hydronic balancing Energiteknik Hydronic balancing Waste heat Heat exchanger recirculation 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Process engineering business Low-temperature |
| Popis: | The major common denominator for future efficient fourth generation district heating systems is lower temperature levels in the distribution networks. Higher efficiencies are then obtained in both heat supply and heat distribution. Heat supply becomes more efficient with respect to combined heat and power, flue gas condensation, heat pumps, geothermal extraction, low temperature excess heat, and heat storage. Heat distribution becomes more efficient from lower distribution losses, less pipe expansion, lower scalding risks, and plastic pipes. The lower temperature levels will be possible since future buildings will have lower temperature demands when requiring lower heat demands. This paper aims at providing seven essential recommendations concerning design and construction strategies for future fourth generation systems. The method used is based on a critical examination of the barriers for lower temperature levels and the origins of high return temperatures in contemporary third generation systems. The two main research questions applied are: Which parts of contemporary system design are undesirable? Which possible improvements are desirable? Key results and the corresponding recommendations include temperature levels for heat distribution, recirculation, metering, supervision, thermal lengths for heat exchangers and heat sinks, hydronic balancing, and legionella. The main conclusion is that it should be possible to construct new fourth generation district heating networks according to these seven essential recommendations presented in this paper. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Funding: Fjärrsyn – the Swedish district heating research programme funded in collaboration by the Swedish Energy Agency and the Swedish District heating Association Future District Heating Technology |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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