Exploring structured scripting cartographic technique of GMT for ocean seafloor modeling: A case of the East Indian Ocean

Autor: Polina Lemenkova
Přispěvatelé: Schmidt United Institute of Physics of the Earth [Moscow] (IPE), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS)
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Topography
Flank
[INFO.INFO-OH]Computer Science [cs]/Other [cs.OH]
ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.4: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION/I.4.10: Image Representation
Bathymetry
Indian Ocean
ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.5: PATTERN RECOGNITION
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean
Atmosphere
GMT
geography.geographical_feature_category
[SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering
[INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO]
ACM: K.: Computing Milieux
ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.4: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION/I.4.1: Digitization and Image Capture
[INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR]
Seafloor spreading
ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.5: PATTERN RECOGNITION/I.5.1: Models
EGM96
Geophysics
Ridge
Ninety East Ridge
[INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV]
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Trench
Cartography
ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies
Geology
[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Bathymetric chart
ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.4: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION/I.4.0: General
ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.3: COMPUTER GRAPHICS
ACM: H.: Information Systems
[INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG]
ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.6: SIMULATION AND MODELING/I.6.5: Model Development
[SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology
[INFO]Computer Science [cs]
General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans
[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology
14. Life underwater
[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces
environment
ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.5: PATTERN RECOGNITION/I.5.4: Applications
[SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology
[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics
geography
[INFO.INFO-PL]Computer Science [cs]/Programming Languages [cs.PL]
ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.4: IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION
[INFO.INFO-IA]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Aided Engineering
[INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation
ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.2: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
ACM: I.: Computing Methodologies/I.6: SIMULATION AND MODELING
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
[INFO.INFO-IR]Computer Science [cs]/Information Retrieval [cs.IR]
Zdroj: Maritime Technology and Research
Maritime Technology and Research, 2021, 3 (2), pp.162-184. ⟨10.33175/mtr.2021.248158⟩
ISSN: 2651-205X
DOI: 10.33175/mtr.2021.248158
Popis: International audience; This paper examines spatial variations in the geomorphology of the Ninety East Ridge (NER), located in the Indian Ocean. The NER is an extraordinary long linear bathymetric feature with topography reflecting complex geophysical setting and geologic evolution. The research is based on a compilation of high-resolution bathymetric, geological, and gravity datasets clipped for the study area extent (65° - 107°E, 35°S - 21°N): General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO), Earth Gravitational Model (EGM2008, EGM96). The submarine geomorphology of the NER was modeled by digitized cross-sectional profiles using Generic Mapping Tools (GMT). The availability of the method is explained by 1) the free datasets; 2) the open source GMT toolset; 3) the available tutorials of the GMT and the codes explained in this work. Three segments of the NER were selected, digitized, and modeled: 1) northern 89°E, 7°S to 90°E, 7°N; 2) central 88.4°E, 14.7°S to 88.8°E, 8.2°S; 3) southern 87.9°E, 17°S to 87.5°E, 27°S. Measured depths were visualized in graphs, compared, and statistically analyzed by the histograms. The northern segment has a steepness of 21.3° at the western slopes, and 14.5° at the eastern slope. The slopes on the eastern flank have dominant SE orientation. The central segment has a bell-shaped form, with the highest steepness comparing to the northern and southern segments. The eastern flank has a steepness of 49.5°. A local depression at a distance of 50 km off from the axis (90°E) continues parallel to the NER, with the shape of the narrow minor trench. The western slope has a steepness of 57.6°, decreasing to 15.6°. The southern segment has a dome-like shape form. Compared to the northern and central segments, it has a less pronounced ridge crest, with a steepness of 24.9° on the west. The eastern flank has a steepness of 36.8° until 70 km, gradually becoming steeper at 44.23°. A local minor trench structure can be seen on its eastern flank (100 km off the axis). This corresponds to the very narrow long topographic depressions stretching parallel to this segment of the NER at 90.5°E. The study contributes to regional geographic studies of Indian Ocean geomorphology and cartographic presentation of GMT functionality for marine research and oceanographic studies.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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