Small distances can keep bacteria at bay for days
| Autor: | van Bunnik, Bram A D, Ssematimba, Amos, Hagenaars, Thomas J, Nodelijk, Gonnie, Haverkate, Manon R, Bonten, Marc J M, Hayden, Mary K, Weinstein, Robert A, De Jong, Mart C M, Bootsma, Martin C J, Sub Mathematical Modeling, Mathematical Modeling |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Sub Mathematical Modeling, Mathematical Modeling |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Time Factors
Transmission delay Kwantitatieve Veterinaire Epidemiologie Diagnostics & Crisis Organization law.invention Diffusion law Models Campylobacter Infections uk Pathogen Escherichia coli Infections Infectivity Zoonotic bacteria Cross Infection Multidisciplinary Diagnostiek & Crisisorganisatie biology Ecology dynamics Biological Sciences Intensive Care Units Transmission (mechanics) ASG Infectieziekten impact indirect transmission Biological system CVI - Division Virology Infectious agent Indirect Transmission Longevity Models Biological Transmission experiment Campylobacter jejuni CVI - Divisie Virologie Species Specificity Escherichia coli Animals Humans care Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections model broilers Diffusion model Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology campylobacter Vancomycin Resistance biology.organism_classification Biological foot WIAS Chickens mouth epidemic Bacteria Enterococcus |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(9), 3556. National Academy of Sciences Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(9), 3556-3560 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111 (2014) 9 |
| ISSN: | 0027-8424 |
| Popis: | Transmission of pathogens between spatially separated hosts, i.e., indirect transmission, is a commonly encountered phenomenon important for epidemic pathogen spread. The routes of indirect transmission often remain untraced, making it difficult to develop control strategies. Here we used a tailor-made design to study indirect transmission experimentally, using two different zoonotic bacteria in broilers. Previous experiments using a single bacterial species yielded a delay in the onset of transmission, which we hypothesized to result from the interplay between diffusive motion of infectious material and decay of infectivity in the environment. Indeed, a mathematical model of diffusive pathogen transfer predicts a delay in transmission that depends both on the distance between hosts and on the magnitude of the pathogen decay rate. Our experiments, carried out with two bacterial species with very different decay rates in the environment, confirm the difference in transmission delay predicted by the model. These results imply that for control of an infectious agent, the time between the distant exposure and the infection event is important. To illustrate how this can work we analyzed data observed on the spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in an intensive care unit. Indeed, a delayed vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus transmission component was identified in these data, and this component disappeared in a study period in which the environment was thoroughly cleaned. Therefore, we suggest that the impact of control strategies against indirect transmission can be assessed using our model by estimating the control measures' effects on the diffusion coefficient and the pathogen decay rate. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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