Role of pattern recognition receptors and the microbiota in neurological disorders

Autor: Ciara E. Keogh, Mélanie G. Gareau, Kavi M. Rude
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Cell type
pattern recognition receptor
Physiology
animal diseases
1.1 Normal biological development and functioning
Retinoic acid
Disease
Gut flora
Pattern Recognition
Neurodegenerative
Medical and Health Sciences
Article
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
0302 clinical medicine
Immune system
Underpinning research
Receptors
microbiota
Humans
Innate
2.1 Biological and endogenous factors
Aetiology
Receptor
Innate immune system
biology
Toll-Like Receptors
Pattern recognition receptor
Immunity
Neurosciences
Biological Sciences
biology.organism_classification
Immunity
Innate

Brain Disorders
030104 developmental biology
chemistry
Receptors
Pattern Recognition

Neurological
gastrointestinal tract
Nervous System Diseases
Neuroscience
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Signal Transduction
Biotechnology
Zdroj: The Journal of physiology, vol 599, iss 5
J Physiol
Popis: In recent years, the gut microbiota has been increasingly implicated in the development of many extraintestinal disorders, including neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite this growing connection, our understanding of the precise mechanisms behind these effects is currently lacking. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are important innate immune proteins expressed on the surface and within the cytoplasm of a multitude of cells, both immune and otherwise, including epithelial, endothelial and neuronal. PRRs comprise four major subfamilies: the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine rich repeats-containing receptors (NLRs), the retinoic acid inducible gene 1-like receptors and the C-type lectin receptors. Recognition of commensal bacteria by PRRs is critical for maintaining host–microbe interactions and homeostasis, including behaviour. The expression of PRRs on multiple cell types makes them a highly interesting and novel target for regulation of host–microbe signalling, which may lead to gut–brain signalling. Emerging evidence indicates that two of the four known families of PRRs (the NLRs and the TLRs) are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders via the gut–brain axis. Taken together, increasing evidence supports a role for these PRRs in the development of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis, via the microbiota–gut–brain axis.
Databáze: OpenAIRE