Role of pattern recognition receptors and the microbiota in neurological disorders
| Autor: | Ciara E. Keogh, Mélanie G. Gareau, Kavi M. Rude |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Cell type pattern recognition receptor Physiology animal diseases 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning Retinoic acid Disease Gut flora Pattern Recognition Neurodegenerative Medical and Health Sciences Article 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Underpinning research Receptors microbiota Humans Innate 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors Aetiology Receptor Innate immune system biology Toll-Like Receptors Pattern recognition receptor Immunity Neurosciences Biological Sciences biology.organism_classification Immunity Innate Brain Disorders 030104 developmental biology chemistry Receptors Pattern Recognition Neurological gastrointestinal tract Nervous System Diseases Neuroscience 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Signal Transduction Biotechnology |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of physiology, vol 599, iss 5 J Physiol |
| Popis: | In recent years, the gut microbiota has been increasingly implicated in the development of many extraintestinal disorders, including neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Despite this growing connection, our understanding of the precise mechanisms behind these effects is currently lacking. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are important innate immune proteins expressed on the surface and within the cytoplasm of a multitude of cells, both immune and otherwise, including epithelial, endothelial and neuronal. PRRs comprise four major subfamilies: the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine rich repeats-containing receptors (NLRs), the retinoic acid inducible gene 1-like receptors and the C-type lectin receptors. Recognition of commensal bacteria by PRRs is critical for maintaining host–microbe interactions and homeostasis, including behaviour. The expression of PRRs on multiple cell types makes them a highly interesting and novel target for regulation of host–microbe signalling, which may lead to gut–brain signalling. Emerging evidence indicates that two of the four known families of PRRs (the NLRs and the TLRs) are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders via the gut–brain axis. Taken together, increasing evidence supports a role for these PRRs in the development of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis, via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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