| Přispěvatelé: |
Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), European Project: 320116,EC:FP7:SSH,FP7-SSH-2012-1,FAMILIESANDSOCIETIES(2013), Department of Sociology/ICS, University of Groningen [Groningen], Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7) |
| Popis: |
The use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is widespread, with an estimated five million ART-conceived children born now worldwide. Despite this marked increase in the use of ART, little is known about the demographic consequences. We explore several dimensions of demographic consequences of ART. The proportion of ART-conceived babies varies greatly across countries, and our analyses suggest that ART costs, policies and regulations, and national norms and values are core determinants of these differences. Based on a review of the literature, we conclude that ART has a negligible impact on national fertility rates, thereby suggesting that it is not an effective policy instrument to counter low fertility. Furthermore, we show that the recent increase in twin births in Europe can be attributed to ART usage. A case study of Italy reveals that ART mothers were more likely to deliver prematurely, even when controlling for maternal age. |
