Simple Process-Based Simulators for Generating Spatial Patterns of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: A Review and Introduction to the G-RaFFe Model
| Autor: | Sandro Pütz, Guy Pe'er, Lucía Schober, Michael Müller, María Isabel Bellocq, Maximilian Strer, Gustavo Andres Zurita |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences principal component analysis forest management lcsh:Medicine Population Modeling habitat computer.software_genre 01 natural sciences nonbiological model purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] Theoretical Ecology arable land Spatial and Landscape Ecology Human Activities lcsh:Science comparative study Conservation Science Multidisciplinary Ecology article Software Engineering Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Terrestrial Environments ecological phenomena and functions Simulator maximum field size Regression Analysis simple process based simulator Atlantic forest Data mining CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS Research Article Computer Modeling Matching (statistics) environmental aspects and related phenomena Conservation of Natural Resources maximum field disconnection Process (engineering) habitat loss Biology habitat cover 010603 evolutionary biology Ecosystems Ciencias Biológicas number of road Humans controlled study Computer Simulation Dinamica EGO model Qrule model purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https] reproducibility Ecosystem 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Spatial Analysis Land use Software Tools lcsh:R Fragmentation (computing) Computational Biology land use 15. Life on land Models Theoretical Simmap model Field (geography) Generates Roads and Fields for reproducing Fragmentation effects model Habitat destruction Computer Science Spatial ecology lcsh:Q habitat fragmentation Landscape ecology computer Ecosystem Modeling Software Ecological Environments Model |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE CONICET Digital (CONICET) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas instacron:CONICET PLoS ONE 2013;8(5) Biblioteca Digital (UBA-FCEN) Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales instacron:UBA-FCEN PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 5, p e64968 (2013) |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0064968 |
| Popis: | Landscape simulators are widely applied in landscape ecology for generating landscape patterns. These models can be divided into two categories: pattern-based models that generate spatial patterns irrespective of the processes that shape them, and process-based models that attempt to generate patterns based on the processes that shape them. The latter often tend toward complexity in an attempt to obtain high predictive precision, but are rarely used for generic or theoretical purposes. Here we show that a simple process-based simulator can generate a variety of spatial patterns including realistic ones, typifying landscapes fragmented by anthropogenic activities. The model ‘‘G-RaFFe’’ generates roads and fields to reproduce the processes in which forests are converted into arable lands. For a selected level of habitat cover, three factors dominate its outcomes: the number of roads (accessibility), maximum field size (accounting for land ownership patterns), and maximum field disconnection (which enables field to be detached from roads). We compared the performance of G-RaFFe to three other models: Simmap (neutral model), Qrule (fractal-based) and Dinamica EGO (with 4 model versions differing in complexity). A PCA-based analysis indicated G-RaFFe and Dinamica version 4 (most complex) to perform best in matching realistic spatial patterns, but an alternative analysis which considers model variability identified GRaFFe and Qrule as performing best. We also found model performance to be affected by habitat cover and the actual landuses, the latter reflecting on land ownership patterns. We suggest that simple process-based generators such as G-RaFFe can be used to generate spatial patterns as templates for theoretical analyses, as well as for gaining better understanding of the relation between spatial processes and patterns. We suggest caution in applying neutral or fractal-based approaches, since spatial patterns that typify anthropogenic landscapes are often non-fractal in nature. Fil: Pe’er, Guy. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Alemania Fil: Zurita, Gustavo Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Argentina Fil: Schober, Lucía. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Alemania Fil: Bellocq, Maria Isabel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Strer, Maximilian. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Alemania Fil: Muller, Michael. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Alemania Fil: Putz, Sandro. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Alemania |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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