Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii Species Complex: an International Study of Wild-Type Susceptibility Endpoint Distributions and Epidemiological Cutoff Values for Amphotericin B and Flucytosine
| Autor: | Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Sarah E. Kidd, Elizabeth M. Johnson, Josep Guarro, J. Fuller, Nelesh P. Govender, Marilena dos Anjos Martins, Teresa Peláez, Jacques F. Meis, A. W. Fothergill, Anuradha Chowdhary, Ferry Hagen, M.S. Melhem, Manuel Cuenca-Estrella, Luciana Trilles, Ana Espinel-Ingroff, Wiley A. Schell, Michael A. Pfaller, John D. Turnidge, Shawn R. Lockhart, Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Cryptococcus gattii species complex
Cryptococcus Flucytosine Cryptococcus neoformans/drug effects Microbial Sensitivity Tests Biology Microbiology Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology Epidemiology and Surveillance Amphotericin B/pharmacology Amphotericin B parasitic diseases medicine Pharmacology (medical) Cryptococcus gattii Etest Pharmacology Cryptococcus neoformans Wild type Pathogenesis and modulation of inflammation Infection and autoimmunity [N4i 1] biology.organism_classification bacterial infections and mycoses Anti-Bacterial Agents Flucytosine/pharmacology Infectious Diseases Cryptococcus gattii/drug effects medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 56(6), 3107-13. American Society for Microbiology Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 56, 3107-13 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 56, 6, pp. 3107-13 |
| ISSN: | 0066-4804 |
| Popis: | Clinical breakpoints (CBPs) are not available for the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii species complex. MIC distributions were constructed for the wild type (WT) to establish epidemiologic cutoff values (ECVs) for C. neoformans and C. gattii versus amphotericin B and flucytosine. A total of 3,590 amphotericin B and 3,045 flucytosine CLSI MICs for C. neoformans (including 1,002 VNI isolates and 8 to 39 VNII, VNIII, and VNIV isolates) and 985 and 853 MICs for C. gattii , respectively (including 42 to 259 VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV isolates), were gathered in 9 to 16 (amphotericin B) and 8 to 13 (flucytosine) laboratories (Europe, United States, Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, and South Africa) and aggregated for the analyses. Additionally, 442 amphotericin B and 313 flucytosine MICs measured by using CLSI-YNB medium instead of CLSI-RPMI medium and 237 Etest amphotericin B MICs for C. neoformans were evaluated. CLSI-RPMI ECVs for distributions originating in ≥3 laboratories (with the percentages of isolates for which MICs were less than or equal to ECVs given in parentheses) were as follows: for amphotericin B, 0.5 μg/ml for C. neoformans VNI (97.2%) and C. gattii VGI and VGIIa (99.2 and 97.5%, respectively) and 1 μg/ml for C. neoformans (98.5%) and C. gattii nontyped (100%) and VGII (99.2%) isolates; for flucytosine, 4 μg/ml for C. gattii nontyped (96.4%) and VGI (95.7%) isolates, 8 μg/ml for VNI (96.6%) isolates, and 16 μg/ml for C. neoformans nontyped (98.6%) and C. gattii VGII (97.1%) isolates. Other molecular types had apparent variations in MIC distributions, but the number of laboratories contributing data was too low to allow us to ascertain that the differences were due to factors other than assay variation. ECVs may aid in the detection of isolates with acquired resistance mechanisms. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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