Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles: From Keepers of Health to Messengers of Disease
| Autor: | Nigeste Carter, Anca D. Dobrian, Allison Mathiesen, Michael Brown, Tyree Hamilton, William McPheat |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Stromal cell
Endothelium QH301-705.5 Review exosomes Cell Communication Biology Catalysis Inorganic Chemistry Pathogenesis Paracrine signalling Extracellular Vesicles cardiovascular disease microRNA medicine EndMT Humans Platelet Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Biology (General) Molecular Biology QD1-999 Spectroscopy miRNA dysfunction Vesicle Organic Chemistry COVID-19 General Medicine Microvesicles Computer Science Applications Cell biology Chemistry medicine.anatomical_structure Cardiovascular Diseases plasticity heterogeneity microvesicles Biomarkers |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 4640, p 4640 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1422-0067 |
| Popis: | Endothelium has a rich vesicular network that allows the exchange of macromolecules between blood and parenchymal cells. This feature of endothelial cells, along with their polarized secretory machinery, makes them the second major contributor, after platelets, to the particulate secretome in circulation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by the endothelial cells mirror the remarkable molecular heterogeneity of their parent cells. Cargo molecules carried by EVs were shown to contribute to the physiological functions of endothelium and may support the plasticity and adaptation of endothelial cells in a paracrine manner. Endothelium-derived vesicles can also contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease or can serve as prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, endothelium-derived EVs can be used as therapeutic tools to target endothelium for drug delivery or target stromal cells via the endothelial cells. In this review we revisit the recent evidence on the heterogeneity and plasticity of endothelial cells and their EVs. We discuss the role of endothelial EVs in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis along with their contributions to endothelial adaptation and dysfunction. Finally, we evaluate the potential of endothelial EVs as disease biomarkers and their leverage as therapeutic tools. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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