D-amino acids in mammalian endocrine tissues
| Autor: | Gabriella Chieffi Baccari, Maria Maddalena Di Fiore, Federica Di Giacomo Russo, Alessandra Santillo, Sara Falvo |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Chieffi, Gabriella, Falvo, Sara, Santillo, Alessandra, Di Giacomo Russo, Federica, DI FIORE, Maria Maddalena |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Pituitary gland medicine.medical_treatment Clinical Biochemistry Biology Biochemistry Exocytosis 03 medical and health sciences Pineal gland D-amino acids D-alanine D-serine D-aspartate endocrine glands Insulin-Secreting Cells Insulin Secretion medicine Endocrine system Animals Amino Acids Mammals 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology Insulin Organic Chemistry Cell biology 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Glucose Hypothalamus Pancreas Homeostasis Endocrine gland |
| Popis: | D-Aspartate, D-serine and D-alanine are a regular occurrence in mammalian endocrine tissues, though in amounts varying with the type of gland. The pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid, adrenal glands and testis contain relatively large amounts of D-aspartate in all species examined. D-alanine is relatively abundant in the pituitary gland and pancreas. High levels of D-serine characterize the hypothalamus. D-leucine, D-proline and D-glutamate are generally low. The current knowledge of physiological roles of D-amino acids in endocrine tissues is far from exhaustive, yet the topic is attracting increasing interest because of its potential in pharmacological application. D-aspartate is known to act at all levels of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis, playing a key role in reproductive biology in several vertebrate classes. An involvement of D-amino acids in the endocrine function of the pancreas is emerging. D-Aspartate has been immunolocalized in insulin-containing secretory granules in INS-1 E clonal β cells and is co-secreted with insulin by exocytosis. Specific immunolocalization of D-alanine in pituitary ACTH-secreting cells and pancreatic β-cells suggests that this amino acid participates in blood glucose regulation in mammals. By modulating insulin secretion, D-serine probably participates in the control of systemic glucose metabolism by modulating insulin secretion. We anticipate that future investigation will significantly increase the functional repertoire of D-amino acids in homeostatic control. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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