Energy-water and seasonal variations in climate underlie the spatial distribution patterns of gymnosperm species richness in China
| Autor: | Kaiwen Pan, Zebene Tadesse Negesse, Olusanya Abiodun Olatunji, Bikram Pandey, Mohammed A. Dakhil, Mohan Siwakoti, Ziyan Liao, Ram Kailash P. Yadav, Janak Raj Khatiwada, Qinli Xiong, Xiaoming Sun, Lin Zhang, Meta Francis Justine, Xiaogang Wu, Akash Tariq |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
negative binomial regression Climate change 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences 03 medical and health sciences Gymnosperm lcsh:QH540-549.5 medicine Endemism environmental gradients Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics 030304 developmental biology Nature and Landscape Conservation Original Research 0303 health sciences Extinction Ecology biology gymnosperm richness Global change variation partitioning Seasonality biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Spatial heterogeneity human‐induced effects endemic lcsh:Ecology Species richness |
| Zdroj: | Ecology and Evolution Ecology and Evolution, Vol 10, Iss 17, Pp 9474-9485 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 2045-7758 |
| Popis: | Studying the pattern of species richness is crucial in understanding the diversity and distribution of organisms in the earth. Climate and human influences are the major driving factors that directly influence the large‐scale distributions of plant species, including gymnosperms. Understanding how gymnosperms respond to climate, topography, and human‐induced changes is useful in predicting the impacts of global change. Here, we attempt to evaluate how climatic and human‐induced processes could affect the spatial richness patterns of gymnosperms in China. Initially, we divided a map of the country into grid cells of 50 × 50 km2 spatial resolution and plotted the geographical coordinate distribution occurrence of 236 native gymnosperm taxa. The gymnosperm taxa were separated into three response variables: (a) all species, (b) endemic species, and (c) nonendemic species, based on their distribution. The species richness patterns of these response variables to four predictor sets were also evaluated: (a) energy–water, (b) climatic seasonality, (c) habitat heterogeneity, and (d) human influences. We performed generalized linear models (GLMs) and variation partitioning analyses to determine the effect of predictors on spatial richness patterns. The results showed that the distribution pattern of species richness was highest in the southwestern mountainous area and Taiwan in China. We found a significant relationship between the predictor variable set and species richness pattern. Further, our findings provide evidence that climatic seasonality is the most important factor in explaining distinct fractions of variations in the species richness patterns of all studied response variables. Moreover, it was found that energy–water was the best predictor set to determine the richness pattern of all species and endemic species, while habitat heterogeneity has a better influence on nonendemic species. Therefore, we conclude that with the current climate fluctuations as a result of climate change and increasing human activities, gymnosperms might face a high risk of extinction. China is one of the global biodiversity hot spot and an important ecological region to study the distribution of gymnosperms including endemic species. Here in this study, we try to evaluate the role of environmental‐ and human‐induced variables in determining the spatial pattern of species richness of gymnosperms. Our findings support that spatial richness pattern of all species of gymnosperms in China is mainly favored by climatic seasonality while energy–water and habitat heterogeneity variables have profound effect on endemic and nonendemic species, respectively. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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