Robust increases in erythropoietin production by the hypoxic fetus is a response to protect the brain and other vital organs
| Autor: | Kari Teramo, Miira M. Klemetti, John A. Widness |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Amniotic fluid Inflammation Neuroprotection 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Enterocolitis Necrotizing Pregnancy hemic and lymphatic diseases 030225 pediatrics Internal medicine medicine Animals Humans Protein Isoforms Hypoxia Erythropoietin Fetus business.industry Infant Newborn Brain Hypoxia (medical) medicine.disease Amniotic Fluid Fetal Blood Hematopoiesis Intestines Fetal Diseases Endocrinology Pediatrics Perinatology and Child Health Necrotizing enterocolitis Erythropoiesis Female medicine.symptom business Reactive Oxygen Species 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Biomarkers medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Pediatric research. 84(6) |
| ISSN: | 1530-0447 |
| Popis: | Fetal erythropoietin (EPO), in addition to regulating erythropoiesis, has also tissue-protective properties based on its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and neurotrophic effects. Notably, EPO concentrations needed for tissue protection are 100-1000 times higher than concentrations needed for regulating erythropoiesis. This dual effect of EPO is based on EPO-receptor (EPO-R) isoforms, which differ structurally and functionally. We hypothesize in this Integrated Mechanism Review that during severe fetal hypoxia the observed, but poorly understood, marked increases of fetal plasma EPO concentrations occur to protect the brain, heart, and other vital fetal organs. We further hypothesize that the concurrent marked increases of EPO in the amniotic fluid during fetal hypoxia, occur to protect newborn infants from necrotizing enterocolitis. This review presents experimental and clinical evidence in support of these hypotheses and points out unknown or poorly understood functions of EPO in the fetus. If these novel hypotheses are correct, the importance of fetal EPO as an antenatal hypoxia biomarker will become apparent. It will also likely point the way to important diagnostic and therapeutic fetal and neonatal interventions. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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