Gender and Race/Ethnicity Differences in Lead Dose Biomarkers

Autor:	Brian S. Schwartz, Keson Theppeang, Andrew C. Todd, Charles A. Rohde, Karen Bandeen-Roche, Thomas A. Glass
Rok vydání:	2008
Předmět:	musculoskeletal diseases Male Race ethnicity Research and Practice Apolipoprotein E4 Physical activity Ethnic origin White People Lead Poisoning Nervous System Adult Predictive Value of Tests Humans Medicine Toxicokinetics Sex Distribution Lead (electronics) Aged Aged 80 and over Tibia business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Spectrometry X-Ray Emission Environmental Exposure Patella musculoskeletal system Black or African American Lead Socioeconomic Factors Baltimore Female Cognition Disorders business Effect modification Demography
Zdroj:	American Journal of Public Health. 98:1248-1255
ISSN:	1541-0048 0090-0036
DOI:	10.2105/ajph.2007.118505
Popis:	Objectives. We sought to identify predictors of lead concentrations in the blood, tibias, and patellae of older adults and to describe differences by gender, race/ethnicity, and other factors that can influence lead toxicokinetics and, thus modify health effects. Methods. Participants aged 50 to 70 years (N=1140) were randomly identified from selected neighborhoods in Baltimore, Maryland. We measured lead concentrations by anodic stripping voltammetry (in blood) and 109Cd-induced K-shell x-ray fluorescence (in bone). We used multiple linear regression to identify predictors of lead concentrations. Results. Mean (SD) lead concentrations in blood, tibias, and patellae were 3.5 (2.4) μg/dL, 18.9 (12.5) μg/g, and 6.8 (18.1) μg/g, respectively. Tibia concentrations were 29% higher in African Americans than in Whites (P < .01). We observed effect modification by race/ethnicity on the association of gender and physical activity to blood lead concentrations and by gender on the association of age to tibia lead concentrations. Patella lead concentrations differed by gender; apolipoprotein E genotype modified this relation. Conclusions. African Americans evidenced a prominent disparity in lifetime lead dose. Women may be at higher risk of release of lead from bone and consequent health effects because of increased bone demineralization with aging.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz:	https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::1b40f8ca3c0fa1765a5d7da7776c6ec2 https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2007.118505 Zobrazit plný text záznamu Plný text ve formátu PDF Plný text ve formátu HTML
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