Impact of changes in transportation and commuting behaviors during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta on air quality and childhood asthma
| Autor: | Friedman Ms, Teague Wg, Graham Lm, Hutwagner L, Powell Ke |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2001 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Georgia Adolescent Air pollution Transportation medicine.disease_cause Ozone Acute care Air Pollution Medicine Humans Poisson Distribution Child Air quality index Asthma Morning Vehicle Emissions Analysis of Variance business.industry Urban Health Ecological study Infant General Medicine medicine.disease Anniversaries and Special Events Relative risk Child Preschool business Medicaid Demography Sports |
| Zdroj: | JAMA. 285(7) |
| ISSN: | 0098-7484 |
| Popis: | ContextVehicle exhaust is a major source of ozone and other air pollutants. Although high ground-level ozone pollution is associated with transient increases in asthma morbidity, the impact of citywide transportation changes on air quality and childhood asthma has not been studied. The alternative transportation strategy implemented during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, Ga, provided such an opportunity.ObjectiveTo describe traffic changes in Atlanta, Ga, during the 1996 Summer Olympic Games and concomitant changes in air quality and childhood asthma events.DesignEcological study comparing the 17 days of the Olympic Games (July 19–August 4, 1996) to a baseline period consisting of the 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after the Olympic Games.Setting and SubjectsChildren aged 1 to 16 years who resided in the 5 central counties of metropolitan Atlanta and whose data were captured in 1 of 4 databases.Main Outcome MeasuresCitywide acute care visits and hospitalizations for asthma (asthma events) and nonasthma events, concentrations of major air pollutants, meteorological variables, and traffic counts.ResultsDuring the Olympic Games, the number of asthma acute care events decreased 41.6% (4.23 vs 2.47 daily events) in the Georgia Medicaid claims file, 44.1% (1.36 vs 0.76 daily events) in a health maintenance organization database, 11.1% (4.77 vs 4.24 daily events) in 2 pediatric emergency departments, and 19.1% (2.04 vs 1.65 daily hospitalizations) in the Georgia Hospital Discharge Database. The number of nonasthma acute care events in the 4 databases changed –3.1%, +1.3%, −2.1%, and +1.0%, respectively. In multivariate regression analysis, only the reduction in asthma events recorded in the Medicaid database was significant (relative risk, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.86). Peak daily ozone concentrations decreased 27.9%, from 81.3 ppb during the baseline period to 58.6 ppb during the Olympic Games (P |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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