Expression and Regulation of CC Class Chemokines in the Dystrophic (mdx) Diaphragm
| Autor: | Gawiyou Danialou, Basil J. Petrof, Maziar Divangahi, Gary Larkin, Dusanka Gvozdic, Alexandre Demoule, Weisheng Bao |
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| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine CCR1 medicine.medical_specialty Diaphragm Clinical Biochemistry Biology Ligands Proinflammatory cytokine Mice Chemokine receptor Internal medicine medicine Animals CCL17 RNA Messenger Chemokine CCL4 CCL13 Chemokine CCL5 Molecular Biology Cells Cultured Base Sequence DNA Cell Biology Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins Muscular Dystrophy Animal Mice Inbred C57BL Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne CXCL2 Endocrinology Gene Expression Regulation Chemokines CC Immunology Mice Inbred mdx Cytokines Receptors Chemokine CCL27 Inflammation Mediators CC chemokine receptors |
| Zdroj: | American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. 33:178-185 |
| ISSN: | 1535-4989 1044-1549 |
| DOI: | 10.1165/rcmb.2004-0347oc |
| Popis: | In the murine (mdx) model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, dystrophic changes are much more severe in the diaphragm than in limb muscles, and the diaphragm more closely resembles the human disease phenotype. Chemokines could play a central role in governing such phenotypic differences, as inflammation is an important disease modifier. Here we report that CC chemokine receptors (CCRs 1, 2, 3, 5) and ligands (macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, RANTES) are expressed at higher levels in dystrophic than in wild-type muscles across age groups (6, 12, and 24 wk). Moreover, chemokine ligand expression and muscle inflammation are significantly higher in dystrophic diaphragms than in limb muscles of the same animals. In vitro, CCR1 is constitutively expressed by cultured primary diaphragmatic myotubes. Stimulation of myotubes by proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1alpha, interferon-gamma) found within the in vivo dystrophic muscle environment, upregulates CCR1 in mdx and wild-type cultures, and also increases expression of its ligand RANTES to a significantly greater degree in the mdx group. Taken together, our results suggest that CC chemokines may play an important role in sustaining inflammation within the mdx diaphragm, which could help account for its more severe phenotype and also offer a target for therapeutic intervention in Duchenne patients. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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