Extra-adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis: Immune regulation and aspects on local organ homeostasis
| Autor: | Gergely Talaber, Sam Okret, Mikael Jondal |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Thymus Gland Adrenocorticotropic hormone Biology Cardiovascular System Biochemistry Epithelium 03 medical and health sciences Paracrine signalling 0302 clinical medicine Endocrinology Glucocorticoid receptor Internal medicine Adrenal Glands medicine Animals Homeostasis Humans Intestinal Mucosa Autocrine signalling Glucocorticoids Lung Molecular Biology Skin 030304 developmental biology 0303 health sciences Adrenal cortex Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein Brain NFAT Cell biology Intestines medicine.anatomical_structure hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonists 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology; Vol 380 |
| ISSN: | 0303-7207 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.mce.2013.05.007 |
| Popis: | Systemic glucocorticoids (GCs) mainly originate from de novo synthesis in the adrenal cortex under the control of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis. However, research during the last 1-2 decades has revealed that additional organs express the necessary enzymes and have the capacity for de novo synthesis of biologically active GCs. This includes the thymus, intestine, skin and the brain. Recent research has also revealed that locally synthesized GCs most likely act in a paracrine or autocrine manner and have significant physiological roles in local homeostasis, cell development and immune cell activation. In this review, we summarize the nature, regulation and known physiological roles of extra-adrenal GC synthesis. We specifically focus on the thymus in which GC production (by both developing thymocytes and epithelial cells) has a role in the maintenance of proper immunological function. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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