Quantum Chemical Approach to the Mechanism for the Biological Conversion of Tyrosine to Dopaquinone
| Autor: | Kazunari Yoshizawa, Toshinori Inoue, Yoshihito Shiota |
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| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Models
Molecular Stereochemistry Tyrosinase Crystallography X-Ray Biochemistry Catalysis Dissociation (chemistry) Substrate Specificity chemistry.chemical_compound Colloid and Surface Chemistry Benzoquinones Moiety Computer Simulation Benzene Binding Sites biology Monophenol Monooxygenase Chemistry Hydrogen bond Active site Hydrogen Peroxide General Chemistry Dihydroxyphenylalanine Protein Structure Tertiary Oxygen Catalytic cycle biology.protein Tyrosine Protons |
| Zdroj: | Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130:16890-16897 |
| ISSN: | 1520-5126 0002-7863 |
| DOI: | 10.1021/ja802618s |
| Popis: | Tyrosinase catalyzes the biological conversion of tyrosine to dopaquinone with dioxygen at the dinuclear copper active site under physiological conditions. On the basis of the recent X-ray crystal structural analysis of tyrosinase (J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281, 8981), a possible mechanism for the catalytic cycle of tyrosinase is proposed by using quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations, which can reasonably take effects of surrounding amino-acid residues, hydrogen bonding, and protein environment into account. The (mu-eta2:eta2-peroxo)dicopper(II) species plays a role in a series of elementary processes mediated by the dicopper species of tyrosinase. A stable phenoxyl radical is involved in the reaction pathway. The catalysis has five steps of proton transfer from the phenolic O-H bond to the dioxygen moiety, O-O bond dissociation of the hydroperoxo species, C-O bond formation at an ortho position of the benzene ring, proton abstraction and migration mediated by His54, and quinone formation. The energy profile of the calculated reaction pathway is reasonable in energy as biological reactions that occur under physiological conditions. Detailed analyses of the energy profile demonstrate that the O-O bond dissociation is the rate-determining step. The activation energy for the O-O bond dissociation at the dicopper site is computed to be 14.9 kcal/mol, which is in good agreement with a measured kinetic constant. As proposed recently, the His54 residue, which is flexible because it is located in a loop structure in the protein, would play a role as a general base in the proton abstraction and migration in the final stages of the reaction to produce dopaquinone. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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