Chronic sub-anesthetic ketamine induces permanent hypolocomotion and impairment of hippocampus in adolescent cynomolgus monkeys
| Autor: | David T. Yew, Qing Li, Xiaqing Qin, Lin Sun, Qian Zhang, Dexiang Liu, Fang Pan |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Male medicine.medical_treatment Apoptosis Pharmacology Hippocampus 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine medicine Hippocampus (mythology) Animals Ketamine Saline Anesthetics bcl-2-Associated X Protein Neurons TUNEL assay Behavior Animal business.industry General Neuroscience Temporal Lobe Blot Macaca fascicularis 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure Anesthetic Neuron business 030217 neurology & neurosurgery medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Neuroscience letters. 717 |
| ISSN: | 1872-7972 |
| Popis: | Ketamine has gained increasing popularity in adolescent drug abusers worldwide. However, relatively little is known about the long-term effects of recreational ketamine on adolescent hippocampus. The present study investigates the effects of different periods (1, 3 and 6 months) of recreational ketamine administration on locomotor activity and neuron damage in the hippocampus of adolescent cynomolgus monkeys. 32 4-year-old male cynomolgus monkeys were divided into control, 1-month, 3-month and 6-month groups. All animals in ketamine groups received daily intravenous injection with 1 mg/kg ketamine in saline for respective 1, 3 or 6 months while control group received normal saline. Automatic behaviors were recorded for 10 min before and after ketamine and saline administration. Meanwhile, the markers of apoptosis in the hippocampus were assessed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), electron microscopy and western blotting. Results showed that ketamine significantly decreased locomotor activity, increased apoptotic neurons and pro-apoptotic proteins, cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax, while decreased the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in the hippocampus after 6-month ketamine administration. Our study suggested that chronically recreational ketamine might induce hypolocomotion and neurotoxic effect via apoptotic pathway in adolescent hippocampus of monkeys. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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