Nicotine-dependence-varying effects of smoking events on momentary mood changes among adolescents
| Autor: | Donald Hedeker, Arielle S. Selya, Runze Li, Jennifer S. Rose, Nicole Updegrove, Robin J. Mermelstein, Lisa C. Dierker, Xianming Tan |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Adolescent Urban Population Names of the days of the week Medicine (miscellaneous) Toxicology Affect (psychology) Article Smoking behavior Assessment data Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires medicine Humans Nicotine dependence Reinforcement Chicago Smoking Tobacco Use Disorder medicine.disease Nicotine Addiction Affect Psychiatry and Mental health Clinical Psychology Mood Adolescent Behavior Female Psychology Reinforcement Psychology Clinical psychology |
| Zdroj: | Addictive Behaviors. 41:65-71 |
| ISSN: | 0306-4603 |
| Popis: | Introduction Theories of nicotine addiction emphasize the initial role of positive reinforcement in the development of regular smoking behavior, and the role of negative reinforcement at later stages. These theories are tested here by examining the effects of amount smoked per smoking event on smoking-related mood changes, and how nicotine dependence (ND) moderates this effect. The current study examines these questions within a sample of light adolescent smokers drawn from the metropolitan Chicago area (N = 151, 55.6% female, mean 17.7 years). Instruments Ecological momentary assessment data were collected via handheld computers, and additional variables were drawn from a traditional questionnaire. Methods Effects of the amount smoked per event on changes in positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) after vs. before smoking were examined, while controlling for subject-averaged amount smoked, age, gender, and day of week. ND-varying effects were examined using varying effect models to elucidate their change across levels of ND. Results The effect of the amount smoked per event was significantly associated with an increase in PA among adolescents with low-to-moderate levels of ND, and was not significant at high ND. Conversely, the effect of the amount smoked was significantly associated with a decrease in NA only for adolescents with low levels of ND. Conclusions These findings support the role of positive reinforcement in early stages of dependent smoking, but do not support the role of negative reinforcement beyond early stages of smoking. Other potential contributing factors to the relationship between smoking behavior and PA/NA change are discussed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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