PAF, a putative mediator of oral inflammation
| Autor: | R. N Pinckard, Linda M. McManus |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2002 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Intracrine Inflammation Arachidonic Acids Cell Communication Biology Phospholipases A 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Paracrine signalling 0302 clinical medicine GTP-Binding Proteins Paracrine Communication medicine Leukocytes Humans Platelet Activating Factor Receptor Autocrine signalling Periodontitis Saliva General Dentistry Stomatitis Platelet-activating factor 030206 dentistry Lipid signaling Gingival Crevicular Fluid respiratory system Autocrine Communication 030104 developmental biology Otorhinolaryngology chemistry Immunology 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase Acute Disease Chronic Disease lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) medicine.symptom Inflammation Mediators Cell activation |
| Zdroj: | Critical reviews in oral biology and medicine : an official publication of the American Association of Oral Biologists. 11(2) |
| ISSN: | 1045-4411 |
| Popis: | PAF, or platelet-activating factor, is a family of structurally related phospholipids (1-O-alkyl/acyl/alkenyl-2-acetylsn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) which possesses a wide spectrum of potent pro-inflammatory actions. These phospholipids are synthesized by a diverse array of cells, including neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), platelets, mast cells, monocytes/macrophages, vascular endothelial cells, and lymphocytes. PAF targets these and other cells via specific, G-protein-coupled receptors to initiate intracrine, autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine cell activation. Of importance, these unique acetylated phospholipids are frequently synthesized in concert with pro-inflammatory lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid. Since PAF synergizes with these and other mediators to amplify the inflammatory response, it seems likely that PAF plays an integral, perhaps pivotal, role in acute and chronic inflammatory processes. PAF is present in the mixed saliva of dentate, but not edentulous, human subjects. The levels of PAF in mixed saliva or in gingival crevicular fluid and tissues are significantly increased during oral inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis and mucositis. Interestingly, the levels of salivary PAF correlate with the extent/severity of these oral diseases. These observations suggest that PAF may participate in pathophysiologic events during the course of oral inflammation. The availability of specific PAF receptor antagonists and human recombinant PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH), a plasma enzyme which rapidly destroys PAF, should provide clinical tools for the investigation of the role of PAF in these and other inflammatory disorders; and perhaps, ultimately, some of these reagents may prove to be therapeutically useful in the treatment and management of these conditions. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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