Role of gut microbiota-immunity axis in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer: Focus on short and long-term outcomes
| Autor: | Giulia Nannini, Matteo Risaliti, Paolo Muiesan, Amedeo Amedei, Filippo Melli, Maria Novella Ringressi, Ilenia Bartolini, Antonio Taddei |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Time Factors
Intestinal microbiota Colon Colorectal cancer Review Gut flora Disease-Free Survival Chemo-resistance 03 medical and health sciences Postoperative Complications 0302 clinical medicine Immune system Immunity medicine Humans Intestinal Mucosa Immunity Mucosal Gastrointestinal tract Host Microbial Interactions biology business.industry Rectum Gastroenterology Cancer General Medicine Prognosis biology.organism_classification medicine.disease Gastrointestinal Microbiome stomatognathic diseases Treatment Outcome 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Therapeutic strategies Immunology Dysbiosis 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology Gut microbiota immunity colon cancer Il-9 Neoplasm Recurrence Local Fusobacterium nucleatum Colorectal Neoplasms business |
| Zdroj: | Università degli studi di Firenze-IRIS World Journal of Gastroenterology |
| ISSN: | 1007-9327 |
| DOI: | 10.3748/wjg.v26.i20.2498 |
| Popis: | Human body is colonized by a huge amount of microorganisms mostly located in the gastrointestinal tract. These dynamic communities, the environment and their metabolites constitute the microbiota. Growing data suggests a causal role of a dysbiotic microbiota in several pathologies, such as metabolic and neurological disorders, immunity dysregulations and cancer, especially the well-studied colorectal cancer development. However, many were preclinical studies and a complete knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms in humans is still absent. The gut microbiota can exert direct or indirect effects in different phases of colorectal cancer genesis. For example, Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes cancer through cellular proliferation and some strains of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis produce genotoxins. However, dysbiosis may also cause a pro-inflammatory state and the stimulation of a Th17 response with IL-17 and IL-22 secretion that have a pro-oncogenic activity, as demonstrated for Fusobacterium nucleatum. Microbiota has a crucial role in several stages of postoperative course; dysbiosis in fact seems related with surgical site infections and Enterococcus faecalis (and other collagenase-producers microbes) are suggested as a cause of anastomotic leak. Consequently, unbalanced presence of some species, together with altered immune response may also have a prognostic role. Microbiota has also a substantial role in effectiveness of chemotherapy, chemoresistance and in the related side effects. In other words, a complete knowledge of the fine pathological mechanisms of gut microbiota may provide a wide range of new diagnostic tools other than therapeutic targets in the light of tailored medicine. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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