Analysis of sugar composition and pesticides using HPLC and GC–MS techniques in honey samples collected from Saudi Arabian markets
| Autor: | Ghufran Mustafa Rawas, Mohd Suhail, Muneerah Saad Bin Saeed, Mohammad Zubair Alam, Elham Shasho Alshumrani, Budour A Alghamdi, Norah Talal Alharthi, Mohammed Nabih Baeshen, Nawal Helmi |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine animal structures Sucrose Fructose 01 natural sciences High-performance liquid chromatography 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound Food science Pesticides HMF Sugar lcsh:QH301-705.5 digestive oral and skin physiology food and beverages Honey Hexachlorobenzene Pesticide Glucose 030104 developmental biology lcsh:Biology (General) chemistry behavior and behavior mechanisms Original Article Composition (visual arts) Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry Sugars General Agricultural and Biological Sciences 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, Vol 27, Iss 12, Pp 3720-3726 (2020) Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences |
| ISSN: | 1319-562X |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.018 |
| Popis: | Honey is a complex foodstuff found in nature which is used without any processing. Honey has been in use in medicine as well as raw food since ancient times. Essentially, it is a blend of sugars especially fructose and glucose. The objectives of the study were to determine major sugar composition as well as pesticides contamination in honey samples. Further, Hydroxy-methyl-furfuraldehyde (HMF) level was also determined to ascertain the freshness of honey samples. A total of 14 samples were collected from local market and tested for fructose, glucose, sucrose, HMF and organochlorine pesticides using HPLC and GC–MS techniques respectively. The total sugars in the 14 honey samples were found ranging between 50.26 and 74.74 g/100 g of honey. The chromatographic results showed the presence of the sugars like fructose and glucose in all honey samples. The honey sample SH–11 was found to contain the highest amount of fructose (40.63%). On the other hand, the lowest amount of fructose with 29.08% was observed in SH–7. The HPLC analysis also revealed the presence of sucrose in two samples but under the permissible limit. The average ratio of fructose to glucose in these honey samples was 1.3. None of the sample has ratio below 1.0 indicating lesser chances for honey to crystallize on storage. Out of 14 honey samples, 13 samples were found negative for the presence of any of the 63 pesticides tested. Only sample No. 13, was found to contain 15.95 ppb hexachlorobenzene per kilogram of honey. The HMF was not detected in four samples but in remaining samples it was well below the maximum permissible limit. No pesticide and sugar adulteration was observed in any of the honey samples. The honeys collected from Saudi Arabian markets were found to confirm the standards set by the regional and international standardization organization, the GSO and Codex Alimentarius Commission respectively. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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