SARS-CoV-2 Infection: New Molecular, Phylogenetic, and Pathogenetic Insights. Efficacy of Current Vaccines and the Potential Risk of Variants

Autor: Carlo Contini, Nicole Barp, John Charles Rotondo, Chiara Mazziotta, Altea Gallerani, Fernanda Martini, Giulia Di Mauro, Martina Maritati, Mauro Tognon, Carmen Lanzillotti
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Gene Expression Regulation
Viral
medicine.medical_specialty
COVID-19 Vaccines
viruses
CoV
coronaviruses
Review
Genome
Viral
Biology
spike protein
medicine.disease_cause
Viral Zoonoses
Microbiology
NO
Viral vector
Structure-Activity Relationship
Viral Proteins
coronavirus disease 2019
vaccine
Virology
Pandemic
medicine
Animals
Humans
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Phylogeny
Coronavirus
variants
Transmission (medicine)
SARS-CoV-2
Public health
Zoonosis
Disease Management
COVID-19
Genomics
zoonosis
medicine.disease
QR1-502
Vaccination
Infectious Diseases
Immunization
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Spike Glycoprotein
Coronavirus
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SARS-CoV-2
CoV
coronaviruses
coronavirus disease 2019
COVID-19
spike protein
variants
vaccine
zoonosis
Cytokine Release Syndrome
Zdroj: Viruses, Vol 13, Iss 1687, p 1687 (2021)
Viruses
ISSN: 1999-4915
Popis: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly discovered coronavirus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 has rapidly become a public health emergency of international concern. Although remarkable scientific achievements have been reached since the beginning of the pandemic, the knowledge behind this novel coronavirus, in terms of molecular and pathogenic characteristics and zoonotic potential, is still relatively limited. Today, there is a vaccine, or rather several vaccines, which, for the first time in the history of highly contagious infectious diseases that have plagued mankind, has been manufactured in just one year. Currently, four vaccines are licensed by regulatory agencies, and they use RNA or viral vector technologies. The positive effects of the vaccination campaign are being felt in many parts of the world, but the disappearance of this new infection is still far from being a reality, as it is also threatened by the presence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants that could undermine the effectiveness of the vaccine, hampering the immunization control efforts. Indeed, the current findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 is adapting to transmission in humans more efficiently, while further divergence from the initial archetype should be considered. In this review, we aimed to provide a collection of the current knowledge regarding the molecular, phylogenetic, and pathogenetic insights into SARS-CoV-2. The most recent findings obtained with respect to the impact of novel emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as the development and implementation of vaccines are highlighted.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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