Landscape of DNA Methylation on the Marsupial X
| Autor: | Alexandra M. Livernois, Paul D. Waters, Denis O’Meally, Shafagh A. Waters, Jennifer A. Marshall Graves, Catherine M. Suter, Jeffrey M. Craig, Hardip R. Patel |
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| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
Male
0301 basic medicine Genomics Biology Genome X-inactivation Mice 03 medical and health sciences X Chromosome Inactivation Genetics Animals Molecular Biology Gene Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics X chromosome Sex Chromosomes Promoter DNA Methylation Marsupialia 030104 developmental biology Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing DNA methylation Female Transcription Initiation Site Chickens |
| Zdroj: | Molecular Biology and Evolution. 35:431-439 |
| ISSN: | 1537-1719 0737-4038 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/molbev/msx297 |
| Popis: | DNA methylation plays a key role in maintaining transcriptional silence on the inactive X chromosome of eutherian mammals. Beyond eutherians, there are limited genome wide data on DNA methylation from other vertebrates. Previous studies of X borne genes in various marsupial models revealed no differential DNA methylation of promoters between the sexes, leading to the conclusion that CpG methylation plays no role in marsupial X-inactivation. Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, we generated male and female CpG methylation profiles in four representative vertebrates (mouse, gray short-tailed opossum, platypus, and chicken). A variety of DNA methylation patterns were observed. Platypus and chicken displayed no large-scale differential DNA methylation between the sexes on the autosomes or the sex chromosomes. As expected, a metagene analysis revealed hypermethylation at transcription start sites (TSS) of genes subject to X-inactivation in female mice. This contrasted with the opossum, in which metagene analysis did not detect differential DNA methylation between the sexes at TSSs of genes subject to X-inactivation. However, regions flanking TSSs of these genes were hypomethylated. Our data are the first to demonstrate that, for genes subject to X-inactivation in both eutherian and marsupial mammals, there is a consistent difference between DNA methylation levels at TSSs and immediate flanking regions, which we propose has a silencing effect in both groups. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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