Atmospheric versus biological sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a tropical rain forest environment
| Autor: | Wolfgang Wilcke, Marcos Garcia, Martin Krauss, Christopher Martius, Wulf Amelung, Adelmar G. Bandeira |
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| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
Health
Toxicology and Mutagenesis Isoptera Toxicology Trees chemistry.chemical_compound Air Pollution Nasutitermes Animals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Air Pollutants Tropical Climate Topsoil biology Ecology Chemistry General Medicine Phenanthrene biology.organism_classification Pollution Soil contamination Deposition (aerosol physics) Environmental chemistry visual_art Soil water visual_art.visual_art_medium Litter Bark Brazil Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Pollution. 135:143-154 |
| ISSN: | 0269-7491 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.09.012 |
| Popis: | To distinguish between pyrogenic and biological sources of PAHs in a tropical rain forest near Manaus, Brazil, we determined the concentrations of 21 PAHs in leaves, bark, twigs, and stem wood of forest trees, dead wood, mineral topsoil, litter layer, air, and Nasutitermes termite nest compartments. Naphthalene (NAPH) was the most abundant PAH with concentrations of 35 ng m(-3) in air (>85% of the sum of 21PAHs concentration), up to 1000 microg kg(-1) in plants (>90%), 477 microg kg(-1) in litter (>90%), 32 microg kg(-1) in topsoil (>90%), and 160 microg kg(-1) (>55%) in termite nests. In plants, the concentrations of PAHs in general decreased in the order leaves > bark > twigs > stem wood. The concentrations of most low-molecular weight PAHs in leaves and bark were near equilibrium with air, but those of NAPH were up to 50 times higher. Thus, the atmosphere seemed to be the major source of all PAHs in plants except for NAPH. Additionally, phenanthrene (PHEN) had elevated concentrations in bark and twigs of Vismia cayennensis trees (12-60 microg kg(-1)), which might have produced PHEN. In the mineral soil, perylene (PERY) was more abundant than in the litter layer, probably because of in situ biological production. Nasutitermes nests had the highest concentrations of most PAHs in exterior compartments (on average 8 and 15 microg kg(-1) compared to |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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