Effects of COVID-19 lockdown and unlock on health of Bhutan-India-Bangladesh trans-boundary rivers

Autor: Biswajit Bera, Aditi Roy, Sumana Bhattacharjee, Pravat Kumar Shit, Sudipa Sarkar
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
COVID-19
Coronavirus diseases 2019
LULC
Land Use Land Cover
DO
Dissolve Oxygen
SAR
Sodium Absorption RatioSSP
Ecosystem services
Trans boundary
KI
Kelly's Index
SPM
Suspended Particulate Matter
OLI
Operational Land Imager
TSS
Total Suspended Solids
Hazard
Irrigation water quality indices
Mg2+
Magnesium
Environmental flow
SO42ˉ
Sulphate
COVID-19 lockdown
pH
Potential of Hydrogen
Trans-boundary rivers
PS
Potential Salinity
MSI
Multispectral Imager
T
Temperature
USGS
United States Geological Survey
WQI
Water Quality Index
COD
Chemical Oxygen Demand
EC
Electrical Conductivity
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
TDS
Total Dissolved Solids
BOD
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Article
WHO
World Health Organization
MH
Magnesium Hazard
F−
Fluoride
Ca2+
Calcium
TUR
Turbidity
SWIR
Short Wave Infrared
PO43ˉ
Phosphate
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Agricultural run-off
business.industry
K+
Potassium
WAWQI
Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index
WAWQI
NIR
Near Infrared
Salinity
NO3−
Nitrate
Agriculture
Environmental science
Water quality
Cl−
Chloride
Na2+
Sodium
business
Water resource management
Zdroj: Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances
ISSN: 2772-4166
Popis: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly destructs the rhythm of global modern human civilization but worldwide lockdown radically recovers the health of the total environment. The Himalayan trans-boundary rivers provide huge provisional, regulatory and cultural ecosystem services to millions of people throughout the year but in the recent years the water quality is being deteriorated due to multiple reasons. In the last decade, India-Bangladesh political relationship has been slightly broken down due to water sharing and environmental flow of rivers.The COVID-19 lockdown offered a great scope to execute the comparative study among pre, lockdown and unlock phase. The research attempts to investigate the spatiotemporal water quality of trans-boundary rivers through WAWQI and irrigation water quality indices such as Sodium absorption ratio, Soluble sodium percentage, Potential salinity, Magnesium hazard and Kelly's index considering eighteen water quality parameters (pH, EC, TDS, TSS, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na²⁺, K⁺, Fˉ, Clˉ, NO3−, SO₄²ˉ, PO43ˉ, DO, T, TUR, COD and BOD). The result shows the strong positive correlation between EC and TDS during three phases. Significant reduction of BOD, COD and TUR has been noticed almost 70% stations during lockdown compared with prelockdown while augmentation of DO has been recorded around 40% stations. WQI of most of the stations shows around 80% improvement of water quality during lockdown period. Moreover, worst kind of WQI was found in the Mathabhanga-Churni river followed by Mahananda. During lockdown, the striking results show that SAR and MH were significantly amplified in most of the stations due to agricultural run-off.
Graphical abstract Image, graphical abstract
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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