A case study of BTEX characteristics and health effects by major point sources of pollution during winter in Iran
| Autor: | Mahdieh Delikhoon, Maryam Heydari, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Faranak Golkhorshidi, Majid Kermani, Armin Sorooshian, Abbas Norouzian Baghani, Abdullah Barkhordari, Razieh Sheikhi, Somayeh Golbaz, Qadir Ashournejad, Abbas Shahsavani |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis BTEX 010501 environmental sciences Iran Xylenes Toxicology 01 natural sciences Ethylbenzene Risk Assessment chemistry.chemical_compound Point source pollution Benzene Derivatives Humans Benzene 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Air Pollutants Health risk assessment Xylene General Medicine Compressed natural gas Environmental Exposure Pollution Hazard quotient chemistry Environmental chemistry Carcinogens Environmental science Seasons Environmental Pollution Environmental Monitoring Toluene |
| Zdroj: | Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987). 247 |
| ISSN: | 1873-6424 |
| Popis: | This study characterized spatio-temporal variations in the concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds in the vicinity of gas and compressed natural gas (CNG) stations in Tehran, Iran. Health risk assessment (HRA) was computed using Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) for evaluating inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR), the hazard quotient (HQ), and sensitivity analysis (SA) for BTEX exposure in different age groups (birth to 0.05). Factors promoting BTEX formation in the study region were fuel evaporation and gas/CNG station emissions. The LTCRs for the target compounds in the winter for different age groups and distances from the center of stations was limited to 2.11 × 10−4 to 1.82 × 10−3 and 2.30 × 10−4 to 2.01 × 10−3, respectively, which exceeded proposed values by U.S. EPA. Moreover, the HQs for BTEX for three age groups and distances were limited to between 2.89 × 10−5 and 9.33 × 10−2, which were lower than the acceptable limit (HQs |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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