Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the HIV-1 CRF02_AG/CRF63_02A1 Epidemic in Russia and Central Asia
| Autor: | Dimitrios Paraskevis, M. Oikonomopoulou, Timokratis Karamitros, Evangelia-Georgia Kostaki, Federico García, Angelos Hatzakis, Marina R. Bobkova, Gkikas Magiorkinis |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
Genotype Immunology Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) HIV Infections medicine.disease_cause Disease cluster Russia 03 medical and health sciences Monophyly Spatio-Temporal Analysis 0302 clinical medicine Virology medicine Cluster Analysis Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Epidemics Molecular clock Clade Socioeconomics Molecular Epidemiology Sequence Analysis DNA Eastern european Phylogeography 030104 developmental biology Infectious Diseases Geography Asia Central HIV-1 Biological dispersal |
| Zdroj: | AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 34:415-420 |
| ISSN: | 1931-8405 0889-2229 |
| DOI: | 10.1089/aid.2017.0233 |
| Popis: | Eastern European countries, including Russia, Ukraine, and other former Soviet Union (FSU) countries, have experienced a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic spreading mostly among people who inject drugs (PWID). We aimed to investigate the origin and the dispersal patterns of HIV-1 CRF02_AG in Russia and other FSU countries. We studied 136 CRF02_AG sequences originating from Russia, and FSU countries along with a globally sampled dataset of 3,580 CRF02_AG sequences. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny reconstruction with bootstrap evaluation was conducted in RAxML. Bayesian phylogeographic analysis was performed in BEAST v1.8 using the discrete trait model. We found that all CRF02_AG sequences from Russia and other FSU countries formed a single monophyletic cluster within CRF02_AG radiation. The Russian/FSU clade was classified as CRF63_02A1. Sequences from the FSU countries clustered further within distinct subclades (two from Russia, three from Uzbekistan, and one Kazakhstan) according to the geographic origin of sampling. Molecular clock analysis revealed that the time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the CRF63_02A1 epidemic was in 1996 [95% higher posterior density (95% HPD): 1992-1999], while for the two Russian subclades, tMRCA was estimated in 2003 (95% HPD: 2001-2004) and in 2007 (95% HPD: 2005-2008). Phylogeographic analysis suggested that the potential origin of the epidemic was in Uzbekistan. Early dispersal of CRF63_02A1 occurred in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan and thereafter the epidemic spread to Russia. Notably, spillover transmissions to Russia kept occurring from both countries. Previous studies have shown that Russia and Ukraine have provided the source for the PWID-driven, HIV-1 subtype-A epidemic, spreading across the FSU countries (AFSU). In great contrast, CRF63_02A1 established an epidemic in central Asia (Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan), from where it subsequently disseminated to Russia. Our study suggests that cross-border transmissions among PWID occur bidirectionally between Russian and other FSU populations. These results are of public health importance and suggest that prevention actions have to be reinforced in this area to assist the management of high-risk practices. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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