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Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) patterns are becoming recognized as long-term biomarkers of tissue FA composition, but different analytical methods have complicated inter-study and international comparisons. Here we report RBC FA data, with a focus on the Omega-3 Index (EPA + DHA in% of total FAs in RBC), from samples of seven countries (USA, Canada, Italy, Spain, Germany, South Korea, and Japan) including 167,347 individuals (93% of all samples were from the US). FA data were generated by a uniform methodology from a variety of interventional and observational studies and from clinical laboratories. The cohorts differed in size, demographics, health status, and year of collection. Only the Canadian cohort was a formal, representative population-based survey. The mean Omega-3 Index of each country was categorized as desirable (>8%), moderate (>6% to 8%), low (>4% to 6%), or very low (≤4%). Only cohorts from Alaska (treated separately from the US), South Korea and Japan showed a desirable Omega-3 Index. The Spanish cohort had a moderate Omega-3 Index, while cohorts from the US, Canada, Italy, and Germany were all classified as low. This study is limited by the use of cohorts of convenience and small sample sizes in some countries. Countries undertaking national health status studies should utilize a uniform method to measure Omega-3 FA levels. The VITAL study was supported by grants U01 CA138962, R01 CA138962, DK112940, and R01HL134811 which included support from the National Cancer Institute, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the US. The LURIC study was supported by the 7th Framework Program (integrated projects AtheroRemo, grant agreement No 201,668 and RiskyCAD, grant agreement No 305,739) of the European Union and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERA-Net Cofund action N° 727,565 (OCTOPUS project) and TO_AITION (grant agreement No 848,146). The work of M.E.K and W.M. was supported as part of the Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant number 01EA1411A). |
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