Evolution of the complement system C3 gene in Antarctic teleosts
| Autor: | Maria Rosaria Pinto, Luca Bargelloni, Lenina Natale, Stefano Giacomelli, Sonia Varriale, Maria Rosaria Coscia, Umberto Oreste, Daniela Melillo |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Gene isoform
Fish Proteins Anaphylatoxins Lineage (evolution) Immunology Molecular Sequence Data Antarctic Regions Gene Expression Notothenioidei Molecular Dynamics Simulation Evolution Molecular 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Chionodraco hamatus Trematomus Animals Humans Protein Isoforms Selection Genetic Molecular Biology Gene Phylogeny 030304 developmental biology Sequence (medicine) 0303 health sciences biology Base Sequence Ecology Nucleic acid sequence Complement C3 biology.organism_classification Adaptation Physiological Perciformes Protein Structure Tertiary Cold Temperature Evolutionary biology Proteolysis Sequence Alignment 030217 neurology & neurosurgery |
| Zdroj: | Molecular immunology. 66(2) |
| ISSN: | 1872-9142 |
| Popis: | Notothenioidei are typical Antarctic teleosts evolved to adapt to the very low temperatures of the Antarctic seas. Aim of the present paper is to investigate sequence and structure of C3, the third component of the complement system of the notothenioid Trematomus bernacchii and Chionodraco hamatus. We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of two C3 isoforms of T. bernacchii and a single C3 isoform of C. hamatus. These sequences were aligned against other homologous teleost sequences to check for the presence of diversifying selection. Evidence for positive selection was observed in the evolutionary lineage of Antarctic teleost C3 sequences, especially in that of C. hamatus, the most recently diverged species. Adaptive selection affected numerous amino acid positions including three residues located in the anaphylatoxin domain. In an attempt to evaluate the link between sequence variants and specific structural features, we constructed molecular models of Antarctic teleost C3s, of their proteolytic fragments C3b and C3a, and of the corresponding molecules of the phylogenetically related temperate species Epinephelus coioides, using human crystallographic structures as templates. Subsequently, we compared dynamic features of these models by molecular dynamics simulations and found that the Antarctic C3s models show higher flexibility, which likely allows for more pronounced movements of both the TED domain in C3b and the carboxyl-terminal region of C3a. As such dynamic features are associated to positively selected sites, it appears that Antarctic teleost C3 molecules positively evolved toward an increased flexibility, to cope with low kinetic energy levels of the Antarctic marine environment. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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