Multiple New Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Vectors in Offshore North Sea Benthos, a Deep Secret Exposed
| Autor: | Elisa Capuzzo, Benjamin Hatton, Adam M. Lewis, Mickael Teixeira Alves, Benjamin H. Maskrey, Andrew D. Turner, Vanessa Lee, Lewis Coates, Karl J Dean, Ryan P Alexander, Jim R. Ellis, Robert G. Hatfield |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Aquatic Organisms Decarbamoylsaxitoxin Ophiura ophiura Pharmaceutical Science Psammechinus miliaris Zoology sea chervil paralytic shellfish toxins 01 natural sciences Article saxitoxins Benthos starfish Crustacea Drug Discovery medicine Animals Shellfish Poisoning sunstar Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) lcsh:QH301-705.5 biology Luidia ciliaris Aphrodita aculeata 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology Asterias 010401 analytical chemistry benthic organisms biology.organism_classification medicine.disease 0104 chemical sciences Shellfish poisoning lcsh:Biology (General) Sea Urchins North Sea Environmental Monitoring Saxitoxin |
| Zdroj: | Marine Drugs Volume 18 Issue 8 Marine Drugs, Vol 18, Iss 400, p 400 (2020) |
| ISSN: | 1660-3397 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/md18080400 |
| Popis: | In early 2018, a large easterly storm hit the East Anglian coast of the UK, colloquially known as the &lsquo Beast from the East&rsquo which also resulted in mass strandings of benthic organisms. There were subsequent instances of dogs consuming such organisms, leading to illness and, in some cases, fatalities. Epidemiological investigations identified paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) as the cause, with toxins present in a range of species and concentrations exceeding 14,000 µ g STX eq./kg in the sunstar Crossaster papposus. This study sought to better elucidate the geographic spread of any toxicity and identify any key organisms of concern. During the summers of 2018 and 2019, various species of benthic invertebrates were collected from demersal trawl surveys conducted across a variety of locations in the North Sea. An analysis of the benthic epifauna using two independent PST testing methods identified a &lsquo hot spot&rsquo of toxic organisms in the Southern Bight, with a mean toxicity of 449 µ g STX eq./kg. PSTs were quantified in sea chervil (Alcyonidium diaphanum), the first known detection in the phylum bryozoan, as well as eleven other new vectors (> 50 µ g STX eq./kg), namely the opisthobranch Scaphander lignarius, the starfish Anseropoda placenta, Asterias rubens, Luidia ciliaris, Astropecten irregularis and Stichastrella rosea, the brittlestar Ophiura ophiura, the crustaceans Atelecyclus rotundatus and Munida rugosa, the sea mouse Aphrodita aculeata, and the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris. The two species that showed consistently high PST concentrations were C. papposus and A. diaphanum. Two toxic profiles were identified, with one dominated by dcSTX (decarbamoylsaxitoxin) associated with the majority of samples across the whole sampling region. The second profile occurred only in North-Eastern England and consisted of mostly STX (Saxitoxin) and GTX2 (gonyautoxin 2). Consequently, this study highlights widespread and variable levels of PSTs in the marine benthos, together with the first evidence for toxicity in a large number of new species. These findings highlight impacts to &lsquo One Health&rsquo with the unexpected sources of toxins potentially creating risks to animal, human and environmental health, with further work required to assess the severity and geographical/temporal extent of these impacts. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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