Chemical changes in thirdhand smoke associated with remediation using an ozone generator
| Autor: | Hugo Destaillats, Noelia Ramírez González, Lara A. Gundel, Xiaochen Tang, Marion L. Russell, Randy L. Maddalena |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Nicotine
Ozone TSNA Environmental remediation 010501 environmental sciences Toxicology 01 natural sciences Biochemistry Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Aerosol aging 03 medical and health sciences chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Scanning mobility particle sizer Smoke Ultrafine particle Tobacco 030212 general & internal medicine 0105 earth and related environmental sciences General Environmental Science Tobacco Smoke and Health Particulates Biological Sciences Thirdhand cigarette smoke Aerosol Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution Good Health and Well Being chemistry Environmental chemistry Chemical Sciences Tobacco Smoke Pollution Gas chromatography Environmental Sciences |
| Popis: | Ozonation is a common remediation approach to eliminate odors from mold, tobacco and fire damage in buildings. Little information exists to: 1) assess its effectiveness; 2) provide guidance on operation conditions; and 3) identify potential risks associated with the presence of indoor ozone and ozonation byproducts. The goal of this study is to evaluate chemical changes in thirdhand smoke (THS) aerosols induced by high levels of ozone, in comparison with THS aerosols aged under similar conditions in the absence of ozone. Samples representing different stages of smoke aging in the absence of ozone, including freshly emitted secondhand smoke (SHS) and THS, were collected inside an 18-m3 room-sized chamber over a period of 42h after six cigarettes were consumed. The experiments involved collection and analysis of gas phase species including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), volatile carbonyls, semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and particulate matter. VOC analysis was carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with a thermal desorption inlet (TD-GC/MS), and volatile carbonyls were analyzed by on-line derivatization with dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), followed by liquid chromatography with UV/VIS detection. SVOCs were extracted from XAD-coated denuders and Teflon-coated fiberglass filters in the absence of ozone. In those extracts, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) and other SVOCs were analyzed by gas chromatography with positive chemical ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometric detection (GC/PCI-QQQ-MS), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were quantified by gas chromatography with ion trap mass spectrometric detection (GC/IT-MS) in selected ion monitoring mode. Particulate matter concentration was determined gravimetrically. In a second experiment, a 300mgh-1 commercial ozone generator was operated during 1h, one day after smoke was generated, to evaluate the remediation of THS by ozonation. VOCs and volatile carbonyls were analyzed before and after ozonation. Extracts from fabrics that were exposed in the chamber before and after ozonation as surrogates for indoor furnishings were analyzed by GC/IT-MS, and aerosol size distribution was studied with a scanning mobility particle sizer. Ozone concentration was measured with a photometric detector. An estimated 175mg ozone reacted with THS after 1h of treatment, corresponding to 58% of the total O3 released during that period. Fabric-bound nicotine was depleted after ozonation, and the surface concentration of PAHs adsorbed to fabric specimens decreased by an order of magnitude due to reaction with ozone, reaching pre-smoking levels. These results suggest that ozonation has the potential to remove harmful THS chemicals from indoor surfaces. However, gas phase concentrations of volatile carbonyls, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were higher immediately after ozonation. Ultrafine particles (UFP, in most cases with size |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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