Climate-driven changes in functional biogeography of Arctic marine fish communities
| Autor: | Maria Fossheim, Raul Primicerio, Susanne Kortsch, Michaela Aschan, André Frainer, Andrey V. Dolgov, Magnus Aune |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Biogeography Climate Climate Change Species distribution Climate change Biology Generalist and specialist species 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Global Warming climate warming Barents Sea Marine ecosystem Ecosystem 14. Life underwater functional traits marine ecosystems 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Multidisciplinary Ecology Global warming Temperature VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Zoogeography: 486 15. Life on land VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Zoogeografi: 486 Biological Sciences Arctic 13. Climate action trait-based ecology geographic locations |
| Zdroj: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 12202-12207 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
| ISSN: | 1091-6490 0027-8424 |
| Popis: | Significance Arctic marine ecosystems are experiencing a rapid biogeographic change following the highest warming rates observed around the globe in recent decades. Currently, there are no studies of how the observed shifts in species composition are affecting Arctic marine ecosystem functioning at a biogeographic scale. We address this issue via functional biogeography and show that increasing temperatures and reduced ice coverage are associated with the borealization of Arctic fish communities. We find that large body-sized piscivorous and semipelagic boreal species are replacing small-bodied benthivorous Arctic species, likely affecting biomass production in the benthic and pelagic compartments and their coupling. The documented speed and magnitude of climate-driven borealization will profoundly alter ecosystem functioning in the Arctic. Climate change triggers poleward shifts in species distribution leading to changes in biogeography. In the marine environment, fish respond quickly to warming, causing community-wide reorganizations, which result in profound changes in ecosystem functioning. Functional biogeography provides a framework to address how ecosystem functioning may be affected by climate change over large spatial scales. However, there are few studies on functional biogeography in the marine environment, and none in the Arctic, where climate-driven changes are most rapid and extensive. We investigated the impact of climate warming on the functional biogeography of the Barents Sea, which is characterized by a sharp zoogeographic divide separating boreal from Arctic species. Our unique dataset covered 52 fish species, 15 functional traits, and 3,660 stations sampled during the recent warming period. We found that the functional traits characterizing Arctic fish communities, mainly composed of small-sized bottom-dwelling benthivores, are being rapidly replaced by traits of incoming boreal species, particularly the larger, longer lived, and more piscivorous species. The changes in functional traits detected in the Arctic can be predicted based on the characteristics of species expected to undergo quick poleward shifts in response to warming. These are the large, generalist, motile species, such as cod and haddock. We show how functional biogeography can provide important insights into the relationship between species composition, diversity, ecosystem functioning, and environmental drivers. This represents invaluable knowledge in a period when communities and ecosystems experience rapid climate-driven changes across biogeographical regions. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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