Genome-Wide Identification and Comparison of Cysteine Proteases in the Pollen Coat and Other Tissues in Maize
| Autor: | Claudia Faleri, Yanhua Li, Hui Liu, Xiaolin Wu, Wei Wang, Liangjie Niu, Giampiero Cai, Man Zhang, Fuju Tai |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Stamen
Plant Science medicine.disease_cause Pollen coat SB1-1110 Pollen Arabidopsis medicine Arabidopsis thaliana cysteine protease expression analysis Gene Cellular localization Original Research biology immunogold electron microscopy phylogenetic analysis cysteine protease expression analysis immunofluorescence microscopy immunogold electron microscopy gene duplication maize pollen phylogenetic analysis gene duplication Plant culture food and beverages immunofluorescence microscopy biology.organism_classification Cysteine protease Biochemistry maize pollen |
| Zdroj: | Frontiers in Plant Science Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021) |
| Popis: | Cysteine proteases, belonging to the C1-papain family, play a major role in plant growth and development, senescence, and immunity. There is evidence to suggest that pollen cysteine protease (CP) (ZmCP03) is involved in regulating the anther development and pollen formation in maize. However, there is no report on the genome-wide identification and comparison of CPs in the pollen coat and other tissues in maize. In this study, a total of 38 homologous genes of ZmCP03 in maize were identified. Subsequently, protein motifs, conserved domains, gene structures, and duplication patterns of 39 CPs are analyzed to explore their evolutionary relationship and potential functions. The cis-elements were identified in the upstream sequence of 39 CPs, especially those that are related to regulating growth and development and responding to environmental stresses and hormones. The expression patterns of these genes displayed remarked difference at a tissue or organ level in maize based on the available transcriptome data in the public database. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that ZmCP03 was preferably expressed at a high level in maize pollen. Analyses by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblot, immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy all validated the cellular localization of ZmCP03 in both the pollen coat and pollen cytoplasm. In addition, 142 CP genes from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), rice (Oryza sativa) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), together with 39 maize CPs, were retrieved to analyze their evolution by comparing with orthologous genes. The results suggested that ZmCP03 was relatively conservative and stable during evolution. This study may provide a referential evidence on the function of ZmCP03 in pollen development and germination in maize. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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